Isesengura ry'amafaranga akoreshwa mu gukora ibinyabiziga bishyushye

Igiciro cy'umushoramari ku ruganda rukora amashanyarazi ashyushye kiri mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi. Ibi ni ibikoresho by'imari, ibikorwa remezo, n'imikorere.igiciro cy'ibikoresho bya galvanizing bishyushyeHarimo ibintu by'ingenzi. Ibi bikoresho ni isafuriya ikoresha amashanyarazi, ibigega byo gusukura mbere y'uko bitunganywa, n'uburyo bwo gufata ibikoresho. Amafaranga y'ibikorwa remezo akubiyemo ubutaka, inyubako, n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa. Amafaranga y'ibikorwa ni amafaranga ahoraho ku bikoresho fatizo, ingufu, n'abakozi.

Isoko ry’amashanyarazi rishyushye cyane rigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukura. Iri zamuka riterwa n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo n’ibura ry’ibikoresho birwanya ingese. Isoko ry’ibicuruzwa nkaimiyoboro yo gushyiramo ibyumairimo kwaguka.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gushyirahouruganda rutunganya ibyumaIbikoresho, ubutaka n'inyubako bitwara amafaranga menshi. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi birimo isafuriya ikoresha amashanyarazi n'imashini zo gutwara ibyuma.
• Gukoresha uruganda rutunganya amashanyarazi bitwara amafaranga menshi. Harimo kugura zinc, kwishyura ingufu, no guhemba abakozi.
• Igiciro cya zinc gikunze guhinduka. Iri hinduka rigira ingaruka ku giciro cyo gukoresha uruganda buri munsi.

Ishoramari rya mbere: Igiciro cy'ibikoresho n'ibikorwa remezo bya galvanizing bishyushye

Ishoramari rya mbere ni ryo nzitizi ikomeye mu by'imari mu gushinga uruganda rutunganya amashanyarazi. Iki cyiciro gikubiyemo amafaranga yose akoreshwa mbere ku bikoresho, inyubako zifatika, n'uburyo rushyirwaho. Igiciro cyose gitandukana cyane bitewe n'ubushobozi bw'uruganda, urwego rw'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, n'aho ruherereye. Uruganda rw'ibanze rw'ibintu bito rushobora gutangirira ku madolari agera ku 20.000. Umurongo munini kandi uhoraho wo gutunganya ushobora kurenza miliyoni 5 z'amadolari.

Incamake y'ishoramari ku ruganda rwo hagati igaragaza uko ibiciro bihagaze.

Igikoresho cyo Guteka Ingufu: Ingano n'Ibikoresho

Itsindaisafuriya yo gushyiramo amashanyarazini ingenzi mu mikorere kandi ni yo igena ikiguzi cy'ibanze. Ingano zayo—uburebure, ubugari, n'ubujyakuzimu—ni byo bigena ingano ntarengwa y'ibikoresho by'icyuma uruganda rushobora gutunganya. Isafuriya nini ifata zinc nyinshi ishongeshejwe, isaba ingufu nyinshi zo gushyushya kandi yongera igiciro rusange cy'ibikoresho bishyushya. Amasafuriya asanzwe akorwa mu byuma byihariye bifite karuboni nkeya, bikeya bya silikoni kugira ngo birwanye ingese ituruka kuri zinc ishongeshejwe. Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buzima bw'isafuriya n'inshuro yo kuyisimbura.

Ibigega byo kuvura mbere yo kuvurwa

Mbere yo gusuka ibyuma, ibyuma bigomba gusukurwa mu buryo butandukanye. Ubu buryo buba mu bigega mbere yo gusukurwa. Umubare n'ingano y'ibi bigega biterwa n'uburyo byifuzwa n'imiterere y'icyuma cyinjira. Umurongo usanzwe wo gusukurwa mbere yo gusukurwa ugizwe n'ibyiciro byinshi:

• Gukuraho amavuta:Bikuraho amavuta, umwanda n'amavuta.
• Gusukura:Isukura imiti ikuraho amavuta.
• Guteka ibiryo:Ikoresha aside (nk'aside hydrochloric) kugira ngo ikureho ubugari bw'inganda n'ingese.
• Gusukura:Bikuraho aside.
• Guhindura imiterere y'umubiri:Gushyiramo umuti wa zinc ammonium chloride kugira ngo wirinde kongera gushonga mbere yo kwinjizwa mu mazi.

Izi tanki akenshi zubakwa mu bikoresho nka polypropylene cyangwa fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) kugira ngo zihangane n'imiti ihumanya.

Sisitemu zo Gukoresha Ibikoresho

Gukoresha neza ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umusaruro n'umutekano birusheho kuboneka. Izi sisitemu zitwara ibyuma muri buri cyiciro cy'igikorwa. Guhitamo hagati ya sisitemu zikoreshwa n'intoki, izikoresha igice kimwe, n'izikoresha byose bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ishoramari rya mbere.

Icyitonderwa:Gukoresha intoki bifite ikiguzi gito mbere ariko akenshi bitera amafaranga menshi mu gihe kirekire. Ayo mafaranga aturuka ku mpanuka zo mu kazi, kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa, no gukora buhoro. Sisitemu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zisaba ishoramari rinini ry'ibanze n'abakora neza. Ariko, zitanga umusaruro mwiza uko igihe kigenda gihita binyuze mu kongera imikorere myiza no gukorera ahantu hatekanye. Igiciro cy'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi bishyushye kizamuka bitewe n'imikorere, ariko inyungu y'uruganda irazamuka mu gihe kirekire.

Sisitemu zo Gutunganya Ubushyuhe n'Ibyuka

Isafuriya ikoresha amashanyarazi isaba uburyo bukomeye bwo gushyushya kugira ngo zinc ikomeze gushonga kuri dogere selisiyusi 450. Ibikoresho bitwika gaze karemano bifite umuvuduko mwinshi ni amahitamo asanzwe. Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyuka ni ingenzi. Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyuka butanga imyuka n'umukungugu biteje akaga bisaba gufatwa no kuvurwa kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije.

Kubahiriza amahame y’Ikigo gishinzwe Kurengera Ibidukikije (EPA) cyangwa Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, 70% by’inganda zikora zishyira imbere kuvugurura sisitemu zo kuyungurura kugira ngo zihuze n’amahame agenga ubuziranenge bw’umwuka. Ibigo bigaragaza ubushake bwo kwishyura 10-15% by’inganda zemeza ko zujuje ibisabwa kandi zigatanga uburyo bwo kuyungurura bwiza. Ibi bituma sisitemu yo gutunganya imyotsi iba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ingengo y’imari.

Ubutaka n'inyubako

Ikiguzi cy'ubutaka n'ubwubatsi giterwa cyane n'aho uruganda ruherereye. Uruganda rukora ibyuma bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo rugere ku murongo wose w'ibikorwa, kuva ku byuma bigeze kugeza ku bubiko bw'ibikoresho byarangiye. Inyubako ubwayo ifite ibikenewe byihariye mu gishushanyo mbonera. Igomba kuba ifite ibisenge birebire kugira ngo ikoreshe ibyuma byo hejuru n'ishingiro rikomeye kugira ngo ishyigikire ibikoresho biremereye nk'ikero. Ibikorwa remezo by'umwuka mwiza nabyo ni ingenzi mu gucunga ubushyuhe n'umwuka mwiza mu nyubako yose. Ibi bituma ubutaka bw'inganda n'ubwubatsi bwihariye ari igice kinini cy'amafaranga y'ibanze akoreshwa.

Ibikoresho by'ingirakamaro n'ishyirwaho ryabyo

Uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rukoresha ingufu nyinshi, cyane cyane gaze karemano n'amashanyarazi. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza ingufu zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi butwara imbaraga nyinshi ni ikiguzi kinini cyane. Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho imiyoboro ya gaze karemano kiratandukanye bitewe n'ibintu byinshi:

• Intera uvuye aho lisansi ituruka
• Uburyo bwo gukata no gushyiraho imiyoboro y'amazi bugoye
• Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro bikoreshwa (urugero: icyuma, HDPE)

Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho umurongo mushya wa lisansi gishobora kuva ku madolari 16 kugeza kuri 33 kuri metero imwe. Umurongo mushya uva ku muhanda ujya mu kigo ushobora kurenza amadolari 2.600, imishinga ikomeye y’inganda itwara amafaranga menshi cyane. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, gushyiraho amashanyarazi afite ubushobozi bwo guhuza moteri, cranes, n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura bisaba ubufatanye n’ibigo by’amashanyarazi byo mu gace kandi bishobora kuba inzira igoye kandi ihenze. Gushyiramo imashini zose ni cyo kintu cya nyuma gituma igiciro cyose cy’ibikoresho bishyushya lisansi gitangwa.

Amafaranga ahoraho mu bikorwa

Nyuma yo gushyiraho bwa mbere,uruganda rutunganya ibyumaUbuzima bw'imari bw'ikigo bushingiye ku gucunga ikiguzi cy'imikorere yacyo. Ayo mafaranga ahora akoreshwa agira ingaruka ku giciro cy'umusaruro wa nyuma wa galvanised ndetse n'inyungu rusange z'uruganda. Gucunga neza ibikoresho fatizo, ingufu, abakozi, no kubungabunga ni ingenzi kugira ngo uruganda rugire icyo rugeraho mu gihe kirekire.

Ibikoresho by'ibanze: Zinc na Chemical

Ibikoresho fatizo ni igice kinini cy’ingengo y’imari y’uruganda. Zinc ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyane kandi gihenze cyane. Igiciro cya zinc yihariye yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (SHG) kirahindagurika bitewe n’ibitangwa ku isi n’ibikenewe, bigatuma abashinzwe uruganda bagomba gukurikirana neza. Ibipimo by’isoko, nka 'Zinc special high grade in-warehouse Rotterdam premium' itangwa na Argus Metals, bitanga urugero rw’ibiciro.

Igiciro cya zinc gishobora gutandukana cyane hagati y’abayitanga n’uturere.

Icyitonderwa:Ibiciro byavuzwe haruguru biratangaje kandi birahindagurika buri munsi. Nyir'uruganda agomba gushyiraho imiyoboro yizewe yo gutanga ibicuruzwa kugira ngo abone ibiciro bihangana.

Ikoreshwa rya zinc mu ruganda rikubiyemo ibirenze gusiga ku cyuma gusa. Iyi gahunda inakora ibintu nk'imyanda ya zinc (icyuma-zinc alloy) na zinc ash (zinc oxide). Ibi bintu bigaragaza igihombo cya zinc ikoreshwa. Ariko, kunoza imikorere bishobora kugabanya cyane iyi myanda. Imirimo ikora neza ituma ikoreshwa rigabanuka kandi rigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka, bigagabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho.

Ibindi bikoresho by'ingenzi birimo imiti ikoreshwa mu gikorwa cyo kuvura mbere yo kuvurwa. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ibikoresho bikuraho amavutagusukura icyuma.
• aside hydrochloric cyangwa sulfuricbyo gusoroma.
• Korode ya ammonium ya zinkikugira ngo haboneke igisubizo cy'amazi asohoka.

Ikiguzi cy'iyi miti, hamwe n'uburyo ibikwa neza kandi igatabwa, byongera amafaranga yose ikoresha mu mikorere.

Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu

Inganda zikora ibijyanye no gusakaza amashanyarazi zikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Amafaranga abiri y'ingenzi akoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu ni gazi karemano n'amashanyarazi.

1. Gazi karemano:Sisitemu y'itanura ikoresha gazi karemano nyinshi kugira ngo igumane toni amagana za zinc ishongeshejwe ku bushyuhe bwa 840°F (450°C) amasaha yose.
2. Amashanyarazi:Moteri zifite imbaraga nyinshi zikoresha ibyuma bikurura hejuru, ipompo, n'amafeni akura umwuka.

Gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nke bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’izi ngufu. Urugero, imiterere y’amatanura agezweho ishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu buri mwaka ku kigero kirenga 20%. Sisitemu ivuguruye ishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kuva399.3 MJ/toniby'icyuma gusa307 MJ/toniUku kugabanuka kwa 23% mu ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bivuze ko bizafasha mu kuzigama amafaranga menshi no kugabanya karuboni, bigatuma gukoresha ingufu neza biba intego y’ingenzi ku nganda zigezweho.

Umurimo n'Amahugurwa

Abakozi b'abahanga kandi bakora neza ni moteri y'uruganda rukora amashanyarazi. Ikiguzi cy'abakozi ni ikiguzi gikomeye mu mikorere kandi gitandukana bitewe n'aho baherereye n'amategeko agenga imishahara y'abaturage. Inshingano z'ingenzi mu ruganda zirimo:

• Abakoresha indege zitwara imizigo
• Abakozi bakora akazi ko gukata no gukuramo ibyuma
• Abakoresha amakaramu cyangwa "abakora imashini zo kwiyuhagira"
• Fettlers (zo kurangiza)
• Abagenzuzi b'ubuziranenge
• Abatekinisiye bo kubungabunga

Imyitozo ikwiye si ikiguzi ahubwo ni ishoramari. Itsinda ryatojwe neza rikora mu mutekano no mu buryo bunoze. Ibi bigabanya impanuka zo mu kazi, bigabanya kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa by'abakiriya, kandi bigakomeza kugira ubuziranenge. Gahunda z'amahugurwa zikomeje zifasha abakozi guhora bamenyeshwa uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda, kubahiriza ibidukikije, no kunoza imikorere, amaherezo bikazamura umusaruro n'izina ry'uruganda.

Gusana n'Ibikoresho Bisimburana

Ibikoresho bya mekanike bikora ahantu hashyushye cyane kandi hashyushye cyane bisaba kwitabwaho buri gihe. Gahunda yo kubungabunga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu byangirika bitunguranye ndetse n'ihagarara ry'umusaruro rihenze.

Inama y'inzobere:Gahunda yo kubungabunga iteganijwe igura amafaranga make ugereranyije n'iyihutirwa. Guteganya igenzura rihoraho ry'ibikorwaibinini, cranes, na sisitemu y'umuriro bitanga icyizere kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'ibikoresho bihenze.

Ibikorwa by'ingenzi byo kubungabunga birimo kwita ku itanura, kugenzura inganda, no gusukura uburyo bwo gutunganya imyuka. Uruganda rugomba kandi guteganya ingengo y'imari yo kugura ibikoresho by'ingenzi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa birimo:

• Ibishyushya n'ibikoresho byo mu itanura
• Ibyuma byo gufunga no gufunga pompe
• Imashini ziyungurura imyotsi
• Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi nka contactors na relays

Kugira ibi bice mu ntoki bituma gusana byihuse, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora no gukomeza gukora umurongo ugenda.

Ingano y'ikawa, ibikorwa remezo, n'ibiciro bya zinc ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitwara ikiguzi. Ubushobozi bw'uruganda, imikorere yarwo, n'aho ruherereye ni byo bigena ishoramari rya nyuma. Igiciro cy'ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi gitandukanye cyane. Abashoramari bagomba kuzirikana igihe cyo kwishyura mu gihe cyo gutegura.

• Igihe cy'inyishyu giteganijwe ku ruganda rushya kigomba kuba imyaka 5 cyangwa munsi yacyo.

Inama:Kugira ngo ubone igereranya nyaryo, gisha inama abakora ibimera kugira ngo babone ibiciro birambuye kandi byihariye.