Kurinda ingese muri 2025 Impamvu gukoresha amashanyarazi ashyushye bikiri ku isonga

Isosi IshyushyeGutunganya ibyuma(HDG) itanga agaciro gakomeye mu gihe kirekire ku mishinga y'icyuma. Ihuriro ryayo ryihariye ry'ibyuma ritanga uburambe budasanzwe mu kwangirika. Uburyo bwo kwinjizwa mu cyuma butuma gipfukiranwa neza kandi kimwe ku buryo uburyo bwo gusukiraho budashobora kwigana. Ubu buryo bwo kurinda bubiri bugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ubuzima.

Isoko ry’isi rigamije gutera imbaraga riteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 68.89 z’amadolari mu 2025.uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gusakaza ibyumakubaka bigezwehoimirongo yo gushyiramo galvanizingkugira ngo habeho iki cyifuzo gikomeje kwiyongera.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gushyushya mu mazibituma icyuma gikomera cyane. Bituma habaho isano yihariye irinda icyuma kurusha irangi.
• Gushyira icyuma mu cyuma bitwikira ibice byose by'icyuma. Ibi bibuza ingese gutangirira ahantu hihishe.
• Ibyuma bya galvanizi bizigama amafaranga uko igihe kigenda gihita. Bimara igihe kirekire kandi ntibikenera gusanwa cyane ugereranyije n'ibindi bisigazwa.

Ni iki gituma gushyushya mu mazi birushaho kuba amahitamo meza?

Imashini ishyushya ikoresheje amashanyarazi (HDG) itandukanye n'izindi nzira zo kurinda ingese. Ingufu zayo zituruka ku mbaraga eshatu z'ingenzi: isano ivanze n'icyuma, ubwihisho bwuzuye bwo kwinjizwa mu mazi, na sisitemu yo kurinda ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bibiri. Izi ngingo zikorana kugira ngo zitange umusaruro udasanzwe n'agaciro k'igihe kirekire.

Kuramba kudasanzwe binyuze mu mubano w'ibyuma

Irangi n'ibindi bitwikirizo biguma hejuru y'icyuma. Gukoresha galvanizing ishyushye bituma habaho irangi riba igice cy'icyuma ubwacyo. Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo gushyira igice cy'icyuma muzinc ishongeshejweUbushyuhe bugera kuri 450°C (842°F). Ubu bushyuhe bwinshi butera gukwirakwira kw'ibintu, bigahuza zinc na fer.

Ubu buryo bukora urukurikirane rw'ibice bitandukanye bya zinc-fer alloy. Ibi bice bifatanye n'icyuma mu buryo bw'ibyuma.

• Icyiciro cya Gamma: Yegereye cyane icyuma, ifite hafi 75% bya zinc.
• Urukurikirane rwa Delta: Icyiciro gikurikiraho, kirimo hafi 90% bya zinc.
• Urukurikirane rwa Zeta: Urugendo runini rurimo hafi 94% bya zinc.
• Eta Layer: Urusobe rw'inyuma rwa zinc rutuma igitambaro kirangira neza mbere.

Izi ngingo zifatanye mu by’ukuri zirakomeye kurusha icyuma cyo hasi, zitanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe bwo kwangirika no kwangirika. Impande zikomeye z’imbere zirwanya gushwanyagurika, mu gihe urwego rw’inyuma rwa zinc rushobora kwangiza ingaruka. Iyi ngingo ifatanye mu byuma irakomeye cyane kurusha izindi ngingo zifatanye mu byuma.

Uku gukomera gukomeye k'ubufatanye bivuze ko igitambaro cya galvanised kigoye cyane gukurura cyangwa gukatagura. Kirwanya neza ubukana bw'ubwikorezi, uburyo gikoreshwamo, n'ubwubatsi bw'aho giherereye.

Uburinzi bwuzuye bwo kurinda burundu

Ingese niyo igaragaramo intege nke cyane. Amarangi yo gusukwaho, primer
s, n'izindi paki zishobora guhura n'amakosa yo gukoresha nko gutonyanga, gusohoka, cyangwa ahantu habuze. Utu tunyangingo duto tuba ari ahantu hatangira ingese.

Gukoresha galvanizing ishyushye bikuraho iyi ngaruka binyuze mu kwibiza burundu. Gushyira icyuma cyose mu zinc ishongeshejwe bitanga ubwiza bwuzuye. Zinc y'amazi itemba mu buso bwose, hejuru no hirya no hino.

Buri mfuruka, impande, umugozi, n'igice cy'imbere gifite uburinzi bungana. Ubu buryo bwo "gutwikira impande zose" butuma nta hantu hadatwikiriye hasigara hagaragara ibidukikije.

Ubu buryo bwo kurinda busesuye si uburyo bwiza gusa, ahubwo ni itegeko. Amahame mpuzamahanga ategeka ubu bwiza kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza.

• ASTM A123bisaba ko irangi rya galvanize riba rihoraho, rinoze, kandi ringana, nta bice bidafite irangi.
• ASTM A153ishyiraho amategeko asa n'ayo ku bikoresho, isaba ko birangira neza kandi bifatanye.
• ISO 1461ni igipimo mpuzamahanga gihamya ko ibikoresho by'icyuma byakozwe bitwikiriwe neza kandi bingana.

Iyi gahunda ihamya ko hari imbogamizi ihoraho yo kurinda imiterere yose, ikintu kidashobora gusigwa n'intoki cyangwa gukoresha uburoso.

Ibikorwa bibiri: Uburinzi bw'imbogamizi n'ubwitange

Igipfundikizo cya galvanised kirinda icyuma mu buryo bubiri bukomeye.

Ubwa mbere, ikora nk'ikintugutwikira imbogamizi. Uduce twa zinc dufunga icyuma kugira ngo kidahura n'ubushuhe na ogisijeni. Zinc ubwayo irakomera cyane. Mu bidukikije byinshi by'ikirere, zinc irangirika ku gipimo cyikubye inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 30 ugereranyije n'icyuma. Iki gipimo gito cya zinc gitanga uburinzi burambye.

Icya kabiri, itangauburinzi bw'igitamboZinc ikora cyane kurusha icyuma. Iyo irangi ryangiritse bitewe n'umuvuduko munini cyangwa umwobo wo gucukura, zinc ibanza kwangirika, "ikayitanga" kugira ngo ikingire icyuma cyagaragaye. Ubu buryo bwo kurinda ingese burinda ingese kwinjira munsi y'irangi kandi bushobora kurinda ahantu hadafite umurambararo wa santimetero 1.5. Zinc ikora nk'irinda icyuma, ikarinda ko nubwo uruzitiro rwaba rwangiritse, inyubako ikomeza kuba irinzwe kwangirika. Iyi miterere yo kwivura ubwayo ni inyungu idasanzwe yogutera amashanyarazi.

Uburyo bwa HDG: Ikimenyetso cy'Ubwiza

Ubwiza budasanzwe bw'igitambaro gishyushye cya galvanised si impanuka. Gituruka ku buryo bunoze kandi bw'ibyiciro byinshi byemeza ko kizarangira neza. Iki gikorwa gitangira mbere yuko icyuma kigera ku zinc ishongeshejwe.

Kuva ku gutegura ubuso kugeza ku gushonga kwa zinc

Gutegura neza ubuso ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane kugira ngo irangi rigende neza. Icyuma kigomba kuba gisukuye neza kugira ngo imikorere y'icyuma ibashe kubaho. Iki gikorwa gikubiyemo intambwe eshatu z'ingenzi:

1. Gukuraho amavuta: Umuti ushyushye wa alkali ukuraho imyanda y’umwimerere nk’umwanda, amavuta n’amavuta mu byuma.
2. Guteka ibiryo: Icyuma cyinjizwa mu mwobo urimo aside nyinshi kugira ngo gikureho ingese n'ubushyuhe.
3. Guhindura imiterere y'amazi: Gushyiramo burundu umuti wa zinc ammonium chloride bikuraho oxyde zose za nyuma kandi bigashyiraho urwego rwo kurinda kugira ngo hirindwe ingese nshya mbere yo gushonga.

Nyuma yo gusukura neza, icyuma cyinjizwa mu bwogero bwa zinc bushongeshejwe, bukunze gushyushya kugeza kuri 450°C (842°F).

Uruhare rw'Uruganda rukora ibikoresho bitera umuyaga

Ubwiza bw'igikorwa cyose bushingiye ku mashini. Uruganda rw'inzobere mu gukora ibikoresho bya galvanizing rushushanya kandi rukarema imirongo igezweho ituma HDG igezweho ishoboka. Muri iki gihe, uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya galvanizing rukora ibikoresho byikora kandi rukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bufatika. Ibi bituma intambwe yose, kuva ku gusukura imiti kugeza ku gucunga ubushyuhe, irushaho kunozwa. Byongeye kandi, uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya galvanizing rufite inshingano mu gukora sisitemu zujuje ibisabwa ku bidukikije no ku mutekano, akenshi zirimo sisitemu zifunganye zo gucunga imyanda. Ubuhanga bw'uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya galvanizing ni ingenzi kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo bihamye kandi byiza.

Uburyo ubunini bw'igitambaro butuma umuntu aramba

Uburyo bugenzurwa, bucungwa na sisitemu ziturutse ku ruganda rukora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo gusiga amashanyarazi, bugira ingaruka ku bugari bwa nyuma bwo gusiga. Ubu bunini ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'igihe icyuma kizamara. Gusiga icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bungana kandi bunini butanga igihe kirekire cyo kurinda icyuma no kurengera icyuma. Amabwiriza agenga inganda agaragaza ubunini buke bwo gusiga hashingiwe ku bwoko n'ingano yacyo, bigatuma gishobora kwihanganira ibidukikije cyagenewe mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo nta gusukurwa cyane.

HDG vs. Amahitamo: Igereranya ry'Imikorere rya 2025

Guhitamo uburyo bwo kurinda ingese bisaba gusuzuma neza imikorere, kuramba, n'igiciro cy'igihe kirekire. Nubwo hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kubikoresha,gushyushya no gushyushyaihora igaragaza ko ari nziza iyo ugereranije n'irangi, epoxies, na primers.

Kurwanya irangi n'imyambaro ya Epoxy

Irangi n'imyambaro ya epoxy ni filime zo hejuru. Bikora urwego rwo kurinda ariko ntibihuza n'icyuma mu buryo bwa shimi. Iri tandukaniro ry'ibanze rituma habaho icyuho gikomeye mu mikorere.

Irangi rya epoxy rikunze kwangirika cyane. Rishobora kwangirika no gushwanyagurika, rigashyira icyuma munsi yacyo. Iyo uruzitiro rumaze kwangirika, ingese zishobora gukwirakwira vuba. Ikigo cya New York State Thruway cyabyiboneye ubwacyo. Babanje gukoresha ibyuma bitwikiriwe na epoxy mu gusana imihanda, ariko irangi ryacitse vuba. Ibi byatumye imihanda irushaho kwangirika vuba. Nyuma yo guhindura ibyuma bitwikiriwe na galvanized mu gusana ikiraro, ibisubizo byari bitangaje cyane ku buryo ubu bakoresha ibikoresho bitwikiriwe na galvanized mu mishinga yabo.

Imbogamizi z'imyambaro ya epoxy zigaragara iyo uzigereranyije na HDG.

Gukoresha no kubika ibintu nabyo bitera imbogamizi zikomeye ku bijyanye no gusiga epoxy.

• Ingaruka zo kwangirika: Epoxy iracika intege. Gushwanyagurika mu gihe cyo kuyitwara cyangwa kuyishyiraho bishobora gutuma habaho ingese nke.
• Ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza imiterere y'imiraba ya UV: Icyuma gitwikiriwe na epoxy gikenera tarps zihariye zo kubika hanze. Kigomba kuguma gipfundikiye kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'izuba.
• Gutakaza Gufata: Ipfundo ry'icyuma rishobora gucika intege uko igihe kigenda gihita, ndetse no mu gihe kibitswe.
• Ibidukikije byo mu mazi: Mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja, irangi rya epoxy rishobora gukora nabi kurusha icyuma cyambaye ubusa. Umunyu n'ubushuhe byoroshye gukoresha inenge iyo ari yo yose iri mu irangi.

Mu bidukikije byo ku nkombe, HDG igaragaza ko idashobora kwihanganira ibintu. Ndetse no mu duce dufite imiyaga y’umunyu itaziguye, ibyuma bya galvanised bishobora kumara imyaka 5-7 mbere yo gukenera kubanza gusanwa. Ahantu hahishe ku nyubako imwe hashobora gukomeza kurindwa indi myaka 15-25.

Kurwanya Primers zikungahaye kuri Zinc

Udupira twinshi dufite zinc dukunze kugaragazwa nk'uburyo bwo gusimbura galvanizing. Udupira twinshi dufite ijanisha ryinshi ry'umukungugu wa zinc uvanze mu gikoresho cyo gukurura irangi. Uduce twa zinc dutanga uburinzi, ariko sisitemu ishingiye ku mikoranire, nk'uko irangi risanzwe ribigaragaza.

Gushyushya ibyuma bishyushye, mu buryo butandukanye, bitanga imiterere yabyo irinda ibidukikije binyuze mu gukwirakwira kw'amashanyarazi mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi birema ibyuma nyabyo bya zinc-food alloys bihuzwa n'icyuma. Igikoresho gikungahaye kuri zinc gifata gusa hejuru. Iri tandukaniro mu guhuza ni ryo pfundo ry'imikorere myiza ya HDG.

Ikiranga	Gushyushya mu mazi ashyushye	Primer ikunzwe na zinc
Uburyo	Ubufatanye bw'ibyuma butuma habaho urwego ruramba rwa zinc-fer alloy.	Ivumbi rya zinki riri mu gikoresho cyo gufunga ritanga uburinzi bw'intangarugero.
Gufata ku ruhande	Ihujwe n'icyuma gifite imbaraga zo gufatanya zingana na psi 3,600.	Ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku isuku y'ubuso; rirushaho kuba rito cyane.
Kuramba	Uduce tw’icyuma gikomeye cyane twirinda kwangirika no gukomereka.	Irangi ryoroshye rimeze nk'irangi rishobora gushwanyagurika cyangwa gucibwa byoroshye.
Kuba bikwiriye	Ni byiza cyane mu byuma by'ubwubatsi mu bikorwa bikomeye kandi biramba.	Ni byiza cyane iyo ukoze imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa iyo HDG idashoboka.

Nubwo primer zikungahaye kuri zinc zitanga uburinzi bwiza, ntizishobora gukwirana n'ubukomere n'uburambe bw'igitambaro nyacyo cya galvanised. Kugira ngo primer ikore neza biterwa gusa n'uburyo itegurwa neza kandi ikoreshwa neza, kandi ikomeza kuba ishobora gukubitwa no kwangirika ku mubiri.

Gukemura Ibivugwaho Gukunda Gukemurwa ku Ihohoterwa Risanzwe rya HDG

Igitekerezo gikunze kugaragara ku bijyanye no gukoresha galvanizing ishyushye ni ikiguzi cyayo cya mbere. Mu bihe byashize, HDG rimwe na rimwe yafatwaga nk'uburyo buhenze cyane mbere y'uko ikoreshwa. Ariko, ibyo ntibikibaho muri 2025.

Bitewe n'ibiciro bya zinc bihoraho kandi inzira zigenda neza, HDG ubu iri mu marushanwa akomeye ku giciro cya mbere. Iyo urebye ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose, HDG hafi ya yose ni yo mahitamo ahendutse cyane. Izindi sisitemu zisaba gusanwa no kongera gukoreshwa, bigatuma umushinga utakaza amafaranga menshi mu gihe cyose.

Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rya Galvanizers ritanga uburyo bwo kubara ikiguzi cy’ubuzima (LCCC) bugereranya HDG n’izindi sisitemu zirenga 30. Amakuru agaragaza ko HDG izigama amafaranga. Urugero, mu bushakashatsi bumwe bwakozwe ku kiraro gifite imyaka 75 y’igishushanyo mbonera:

• Gushyushya mu mazi ashyushyeyari ifite ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose cya$4.29 kuri metero kare.
• AnEpoxy/Polurethanesisitemu yari ifite ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose cya$61.63 kuri metero kare.

Iri tandukaniro rinini rituruka ku mikorere ya HDG idasaba kwitabwaho. Inyubako ikozwe mu mabati ishobora kumara imyaka 75 cyangwa irenga idakeneye gukorwaho ikintu gikomeye. Ibi bituma iba ishoramari ry’imari ryiza cyane ku mishinga y’igihe kirekire.