Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi bikwiye mu gusudira hakoreshejwe ibyuma bivanze

Ugomba guhitamoIbikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi wera bya galvanisedbihuye n'uburyo bwo gusudira, aho ukorera, n'ibisabwa mu mutekano. Guhumeka imyuka iva mu gusudira hakoreshejwe ibyuma bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima. Abasudira benshi bagira umuriro uturuka mu byuma, bigatera umuriro, ubukonje, no kubabara imitsi. Ushobora kubona umutwe, uburyohe bw'icyuma, cyangwa igituza gifunganye nyuma yo gukora udakuyemo neza. Abagera kuri 30% by'abasudira bafite imyaka yo hagati bagiye bagira umuriro uturuka mu byuma byibuze rimwe. Gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gukuramo imyuka bigufasha kwirinda izi ngaruka kandi bigatuma aho ukorera hagumana umutekano.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Hitamo ibikoresho bikuramo umwotsi ukurikije uburyo bwo gusudira n'ingano y'aho ukorera kugira ngo urebe ko hari umutekano n'imikorere myiza.
• Koresha buri gihe ibyuma biyungurura bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, nka HEPA, kugira ngo ufate imyuka mibi ya zinc kandi urinde ubuzima bwawe.
• Jya ugenzura buri gihe kandi ukomeze uburyo bwawe bwo gukurura amazi kugira ngo umenye neza ko bukora neza kandi bwujuje ibisabwa mu by’umutekano.
• Tekereza inshuro n'igihe akazi kawe ko gusudira kamara mugihe uhitamo hagati y'uburyo bwo gukurura bugendanwa n'ubudahinduka.
• Komeza umenye amakuru yerekeye amabwiriza ya OSHA kandi urebe neza ko ibikoresho byawe byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mbi ku buzima n'ibibazo by'amategeko.

Impamvu gucukura ari ingenzi mu gusudira hakoreshejwe ibyuma bivanze

Ingaruka ku buzima ziterwa n'umwuka wa zinc

Iyo ushongesheje icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, uba urimo umwotsi wa zinc oxide. Uyu mwotsi ushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima. Ushobora kumva urwaye umuriro, ubukonje, no kubabara imitsi. Abaganga babyita uyu mwotsi w'icyuma. Iyo uhumeka uyu mwotsi kenshi, ushobora kugira ibibazo by'igihe kirekire mu bihaha. Bamwe mu bashongesha ibyuma barwara inkorora idakira, indwara zo mu gituza, cyangwa indwara nka COPD na asima yo mu kazi. Ushobora kandi guhura n'ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha, kwangirika kw'impyiko, n'indwara z'imitsi.

Inama: Buri gihe koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo guhumeka no kurinda ubuhumekero mu gihe urimo gusudira ibyuma bya galvanised.

Dore imbonerahamwe igaragaza ingaruka mbi z'imyotsi ya zinc:

Kugera ku rugero rwo hejuru rwa zinc bishobora no kubangamira umuringa mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bishobora gutera urujijo, ibibazo byo kwibuka, no kugira ibibazo mu guhuza ibintu. Niba ukoresha icyuma gikozwe muri galvanised steel kenshi, ugomba kwirinda izi ngaruka.

Amahame ngenderwaho y'umutekano n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko

Ugomba gukurikiza amategeko y’umutekano kugira ngo ukomeze umutekano w’aho ukorera. Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima mu kazi (OSHA) gishyiraho imipaka y’imyotsi ya zinc oxide. OSHA ivuga ko udakwiye guhumeka umwuka urenze 5 mg/m³ wa zinc oxide mu kirere.

Kugira ngo wuzuze aya mahame, ugomba gukoresha ibikoresho bikura umwotsi wera bya Galvanized bifata imyuka aho ituruka. Ugomba kandi gutegura aho usuka ukuraho irangi rinini rishoboka rya Galvanized. Ibikoresho byiza bikuramo bigufasha kuguma mu nzira nziza kandi ukirinda ibibazo by'ubuzima. Wirinda wowe ubwawe n'abo mukorana iyo ukurikije aya mategeko.

Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi wera bya galvanised

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi wera bya galvanize biterwa n'uburyo bwo gusudira, aho ukorera, n'inshuro usuka. Ugomba kumenya ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uburyo bwo gukuramo umwotsi n'uko buhuye n'ibyo ukeneye.

Ibikoresho byo gusohora umwuka bitwarwa

Imashini zikura imyotsi zigendanwa zikora neza mu dushami duto cyangwa mu mirimo igendagenda. Ushobora kuzizungurutsa mu dushami dutandukanye tw’akazi. Izi mashini zikurura imyuka mu gace ko gusudiramo hanyuma zikayungurura uduce twangiza. Iyo usudira ahantu hatandukanye cyangwa ufite iduka rito, uzasanga imashini zikuramo imyotsi zigendanwa zifite akamaro kanini.

Dore imbonerahamwe igaragazaibyiza n'ibibiby'ibikoresho byo gusohora umwuka bitwarwa:

Ugomba gukoresha imashini zitwara imizigo mu kazi k'ubudozi bw'igihe gito, mu gusana, cyangwa mu gihe ukeneye kwimura ibikoresho kenshi. Zikora neza kuri MIG, TIG, cyangwa gukurura ibice bito. Ugomba kugenzura kenshi ibyuma biyungurura hanyuma ukabisimbuza igihe byuzuye.

Inama: Niba ukeneye gusudira ahantu hatandukanye, hitamo imashini itwara imizigo kugira ngo yoroshye cyane.

Sisitemu zishyizwe ku rukuta kandi zihamye

Sisitemu zishyirwa ku nkuta n'izidahinduka zikwiranye n'amaduka manini cyangwa aho gusudira hahoraho. Ushyira izi mashini ahantu hamwe, akenshi hafi y'aho gusudira. Zifata imyuka iva mu bigo byinshi icyarimwe. Izi sisitemu zikunze gukoresha amaboko yo gukuramo imyotsi cyangwa udupfundikizo kugira ngo zifate umwotsi aho uturuka.

Ugomba guhitamo sisitemu zishyirwa ku nkuta niba uzisudira igihe kirekire cyangwa ufite iduka rihuze. Izi sisitemu zikora neza mu gusudira MIG cyangwa TIG mu buryo buhoraho. Zigabanya kandi urusaku ugereranije n'ibikoresho byo gutwara. Sisitemu zidahinduka zikenera gutegurwa no gushyirwaho byinshi, ariko zitanga imikorere ikomeye kandi ihamye.

Icyitonderwa: Sisitemu zishyirwa ku nkuta ni nziza ku mirimo minini cyangwa iyo ushaka ko aho ukorera hakomeza gutegurwa.

Ubwoko bw'amafiriti n'uburyo umwuka utemberamo

Ubwoko bw'akayunguruzo n'umuvuduko w'umwuka ni bimwe mu bigizeIbikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi wera bya galvanisedUgomba guhuza akayunguruzo n'ingano y'umwotsi n'ingano y'aho ukorera. Imashini nyinshi zikuramo amazi zikoresha HEPA cyangwa akayunguruzo ka karuboni gakoreshwa. Akayunguruzo ka HEPA gafata utuntu duto, mu gihe akayunguruzo ka karuboni gakuraho impumuro mbi n'imyuka.

Ugomba kugenzura uburyo umwuka unyuramo, upimwe muri metero kibe ku munota (CFM). CFM ikwiye iterwa n'uburyo bwo gusudira bwawe n'ingano y'ukuboko kwawe cyangwa agafuniko. Dore imbonerahamwe irimo ibiciro bya CFM byasabwe ku buryo butandukanye bwo gusudira:

Iyo ukoresheje intwaro zo gukuramo umwuka, uzabona igipimo cy'umwuka uva kuri 560 kugeza kuri 860 CFM. Ugomba kugenzura neza ko amafeni yawe n'amafiriti bihuye n'amashanyarazi yawe. Amafeni y'umuvuduko uhindagurika agufasha kuzigama ingufu no guhuza n'ibyo ukeneye. Igenzura ryikora rishobora gufungura gukuramo umwuka gusa iyo urimo gusudira. Moteri zikora neza cyane zikora neza ku kazi k'igihe kirekire.

Icyitonderwa: Buri gihe banza urebe ubwoko bw'akayunguruzo n'uburyo umwuka utemberamo mbere yo kuguraIbikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi wera bya galvanisedImiterere myiza irinda umwuka wawe gusukura kandi itsinda ryawe rikagira umutekano.

Ushobora gukoresha utumashini duto two gukurura ibintu mu kazi gato ndetse na sisitemu zishyirwa ku nkuta ahantu hanini. Buri gihe huza akayunguruzo n'umwuka utembera n'uburyo bwawe bwo gusudira. Muri ubu buryo, ubona uburinzi bwiza ku myotsi yangiza.

Gusuzuma aho gukorera no gusudira

Ingano y'aho gukorera n'imiterere yaho

Ugomba kureba aho ukorera mbere yo guhitamo uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukuramo umwotsi. Ingano n'imiterere y'iduka ryawe bizahindura ibikoresho bikora neza. Ahantu hanini hakenera imiyoboro miremire y'amazi n'amafeni akomeye kugira ngo akuremo imyuka mu gice cyo gusudira. Niba iduka ryawe rifite imiterere igoye, ushobora gukenera ahantu harenze hamwe ho gukuramo umwotsi cyangwa gushyiraho uburyo bwihariye. Ibisenge birebire bishobora gutuma gushyiraho bigorana kandi bishobora kongera ikiguzi kuko ushobora gukenera inkunga y'inyongera cyangwa kongera gushyiramo.

Dore imbonerahamwe igufasha kubona uburyo ibi bintu bigira ingaruka ku mahitamo yawe:

Inama: Pima aho ukorera hanyuma umenye inzitizi zose mbere yo kugura ibikoresho bikuramo umwotsi wera bya Galvanized.

Igihe cyo gusudira n'inshuro

Inshuro n'igihe ukoresha mu gusudira nabyo ni ingenzi. Niba ukoresha uburyo bwinshi nka Flux Core welding, ukeneye uburyo bukomeye bwo gukuramo amazi. Ahantu hafunze akenshi hakenera uburyo buhamye, mu gihe ahantu hanini hafunguye hashobora gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'uburyo bwo guhumeka. Iyo ugendagenda cyane, ibikoresho byo gutwara bishobora gukora neza kurushaho.

• Gusudira cyane bisaba gukuramo imbaraga nyinshi.
• Ahantu hafungiranye ni heza cyane iyo hakoreshejwe sisitemu zidahinduka.
• Amaduka manini ashobora gukenera ibikoresho bidahinduka n'ibindi bishobora kwimurwa.
• Niba usudira umunsi wose, hitamo imashini ikuramo umwuka idasibangana.
• Ku mirimo migufi kandi ikoreshwa n'intoki, imashini zitwara imizigo zirahagije.

Icyitonderwa: Buri gihe huza sisitemu yawe yo gukuramo amazi n'ingengabihe yawe yo gusudira ndetse n'ibyo ukeneye mu kugenda.

Guhuza Ibikoresho n'Ikoreshwa

Ugomba guhuza ibikoresho byawe byo gukuramo ibintu n'uburyo bwawe bwo gusudira. Gusudira MIG bikora neza hamwe na sisitemu nini zo gusudira zikurura imyuka aho ituruka. Gusudira TIG na stick bishobora gukenera imiterere itandukanye. Ubwoko bw'icyuma nabwo ni ingenzi. Urugero, gusudira aluminium birema aluminium oxyde, ishobora gutwarwa n'ibikoresho byo gusohora ibintu cyangwa bishyirwa ku rukuta. Gusudira icyuma kidafunze bitanga imyuka iteje akaga nka chromium hexavalent, bityo ukeneye filter za HEPA na karubone. Gusudira icyuma cya karubone bitanga oxides z'icyuma, zikenera filters za karitoli.

Utwuma twa HEPA dufata utuntu duto, naho utwuma twa karuboni dufata imyuka yangiza. Amaboko yo gukuramo ibintu agufasha gushyira utwuma hafi y'icyuma gisudira, bigatuma sisitemu ikora neza kurushaho.

Icyitonderwa: Buri gihe reba ubwoko bw'akayunguruzo n'uburyo bwo gukuramo ibikoresho kugira ngo urebe uburyo bwo gusudira n'ubwoko bw'icyuma.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gushyira imbere

Uburyo bwo gushungura neza no guhuza neza

Ugomba kwibanda ku mikorere myiza y'urufunguzo mu gihe uhitamoIbikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi wera bya galvanised. Imashini ziyungurura zifite agaciro ka MERV ka 15 cyangwa 16 zikora neza mu gufata imyuka ihumanya. Izi mashini zifata uduce tw'icyuma duto kandi zigafasha mu kubungabunga umwuka wawe. Ugomba kugenzura niba imashini ihuye n'uburyo bwo gusudira n'ubwoko bw'imyotsi ukora. Imashini ziyungurura zikoreshwa mu gihe gito, nka N95 cyangwa P100, zikora akazi k'igihe gito kandi zikenera gusimburwa nyuma ya buri gikorwa cyangwa niba zangiritse. Imashini ziyungurura zimara igihe kirekire kandi ugomba kuzisimbuza iyo guhumeka birushijeho gukomera. Ku maduka ahuze, ibikoresho byo kwisukura bishobora kuzigama igihe no kugabanya impinduka mu mashini ziyungurura.

Inama: Buri gihe hitamo ibyuma biyungurura bifite ubushobozi bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe ibyuma bivanze. Ibi bikurinda wowe n'ikipe yawe imyuka mibi ishobora guteza akaga.

Umuyoboro w'umwuka (CFM) n'ingufu

Umuvuduko w'umwuka, upimirwa muri metero kibe ku munota (CFM), ugira ingaruka ku buryo sisitemu yawe ikuramo imyuka. Ugomba guhuza umuvuduko w'umwuka n'uburyo bwo gusudira hamwe n'ingano y'aho ukorera. Amaboko afatanye akenera CFM 600 kugeza 900. Guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga risanzwe bikora neza kuri CFM 1.000 cyangwa irenga ku tubati duto. OSHA isaba nibura CFM 2.000 kuri buri musudi keretse ukoresheje sisitemu zo mu gace utuyemo. Ibikoresho byimukanwa bikenera umuvuduko w'umwuka uri hagati ya CFM 150 na 600, bitewe n'uburyo byegereye aho usudiye.

Icyitonderwa: Buri gihe banza urebe neza amanota ya CFM mbere yo kugura. Umucyo ukwiye utuma umwuka wawe usukura kandi wujuje amategeko agenga umutekano.

Kwimuka no kubungabunga

Ugomba gutekereza uburyo byoroshye kwimura no kubungabunga ibikoresho byawe byo gukurura. Ibikoresho byoroshye gutwara bikora neza iyo ugiye hagati y'akazi. Sisitemu zidahinduka zikwiranye n'ibigo by'akazi bihoraho. Kubungabunga imikorere y'ibikoresho bituma sisitemu yawe ikora neza. Kugira ngo ikoreshwe cyane, simbura ibyuma byabugenewe buri byumweru 2-4, ibyuma bikuru buri mezi 3-6, na ibyuma bya karuboni buri mezi 2-3. Iyo witonze neza, ibyuma bishobora kumara imyaka 10-15. Ibikoresho by'umuyaga n'imiyoboro y'amazi bishobora kumara imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

• Ibikoresho byoroshye gutwara: Byoroshye kwimuka, bisaba igenzura rya buri gihe ry’imashini ziyungurura.
• Sisitemu zidahinduka: Kugabanuka kw'ingufu, igihe kirekire cyo gukora.
• Imashini zisukura: Isuku nke, ni nziza ku maduka ahuze.

Icyitonderwa: Gufata neza ibikoresho byawe buri gihe bifasha igihe kirekire kandi bigatuma aho ukorera hagumana umutekano.

Umutekano, Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, no kubungabunga

Gukurikiza OSHA n'amategeko y'ibanze

Ugomba gukurikiza amategeko akaze iyo ushongesha ibyuma bya galvanize. OSHA n'amategeko yo mu gace utuyemo bikurinda imyuka mibi. Aya mategeko ashyiraho imipaka yo kwangirika kwa zinc oxide kandi agasaba gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukuramo. Ugomba kugenzura ubwiza bw'umwuka kenshi no kubika inyandiko z'amahugurwa yawe y'umutekano. Ugomba kandi gusana irangi ryose ukuyeho mu gihe cyo gusudira. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ibisabwa by'ingenzi ugomba kumenya:

Icyitonderwa: Buri gihe komeza umenye amakuru ajyanye n'inyandiko zawe. Abagenzuzi bashobora gusaba icyemezo cy'uko wujuje ibisabwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

Imikorere n'amahugurwa mu mutekano

Ukeneye amahugurwa akwiye kugira ngo ukoreshe ibikoresho bikura umwotsi mu buryo butekanye. Amahugurwa agufasha gusobanukirwa ingaruka mbi kandi akakwigisha uburyo bwo kwirinda. Ugomba kwiga ibijyanye n'imikorere itekanye yo mu kazi, ibikoresho byo kwirinda umuntu ku giti cye, n'amategeko agenga aho hantu. Ugomba kandi kubona amahugurwa yihariye iyo ukoresha ibikoresho bishya cyangwa uburyo bwo gusudira. Amasomo yo kuvugurura agufasha kwibuka intambwe z'umutekano no kumenya ingaruka nshya.

• Tangira n'amahugurwa ku byago byo gusudira no gukora akazi gafite umutekano.
• Menya uburyo bwo guhitamo no gukoresha PPE ikwiye.
• Shaka amahugurwa yihariye ku bikoresho bishya.
• Kora amasomo yo kwisubiraho kugira ngo ukomeze kubona amakuru agezweho.
• Rinda umutwe wawe kure y'imyotsi.
• Menya neza ko ufite umwuka mwiza kuri buri mashini isuka.
• Koresha ibikoresho by'inyongera ku byuma bitangiza ibyuma, ibikoresho bikomeye, n'ibikoresho bya galvanize.
• Hagarara hejuru iyo urimo gusudira hanze.
• Koresha imyuka ikomeye yo mu gace runaka mu gihe usuka irangi rya galvanize.

Inama: Imyitozo myiza igufasha kwirinda amakosa.

Gutunganya ibikorwa bisanzwe

Ugomba kugumana ibikoresho byawe byo gukurura amazi mu buryo bwiza kugira ngo bikomeze kuba byiza kandi byuzuze amabwiriza. Igenzura n'isukura buri gihe bifasha sisitemu yawe gukora neza. Ugomba gupima umwuka uhumeka mu gace utuyemo nibura buri mezi 14. Bika inyandiko z'ibikorwa byose byo kubungabunga no gusuzuma ingaruka. Gutoza buri wese ukoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo amenye uko yabona ibibazo. Teganya gusimbuza cyangwa kuvugurura sisitemu yawe igihe bibaye ngombwa.

• Sukura cyangwa usimbuze filters kenshi.
• Reba uburyo umwuka utembera kandi ugenzure imiyoboro y'amazi buri gihe.
• Gerageza uburyo bwawe bwo gukuramo amazi buri mezi 14.
• Bika inyandiko z'ibikorwa byose byo kubungabunga no kugenzura.
• Gutoza abakoresha gukoresha sisitemu neza.
• Kuvugurura cyangwa gusimbuza ibikoresho kugira ngo byuzuze amahame mashya.

Icyitonderwa: Gutunganya buri gihe birinda ubuzima bwawe kandi bigatuma iduka ryawe rikora neza.

Ushobora guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukuramo umwotsi bikwiye byo gusudira hakoreshejwe galvanized ukurikije izi ntambwe:

1. Suzuma aho ukorera. Reba ingano, ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gusudira, n'ingano y'imyotsi.
2. Suzuma ibipimo by'ibicuruzwa. Suzuma ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura hanyuma urebe neza ko bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye.
3. Tekereza ku bisubizo by'igihe kirekire. Hitamo sisitemu za modular zikura hamwe n'iduka ryawe.

• Koresha buri gihe filter za HEPA kugira ngo wuzuze amategeko y'umutekano kandi ufate imyuka ya zinc.

Inama: Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bigoye, ganira n'inzobere mu by'ibikoresho mbere yo gufata icyemezo.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi mu bikoresho bikuramo umwotsi mu gusudira hakoreshejwe galvanize?

Ugomba kwibanda ku gukoresha neza ibyuma biyungurura. Ibiyungurura bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, nka HEPA, bihagarika imyuka mibi ya zinc. Ibi bigumisha umwuka mwiza kandi bikarinda ubuzima bwawe.

Ni kangahe ugomba gusimbuza ibyuma bicukura umwuka mu cyuma cyawe gisohora umwuka?

Reba ibyuma biyungurura buri kwezi. Hindura ibyuma biyungurura bikoreshwa nyuma yo kubikoresha cyane cyangwa igihe umwuka umanuka. Ibiyungurura biyungurura bimara igihe kirekire ariko bigomba guhinduka iyo guhumeka birushijeho gukomera.

Ese ushobora gukoresha icyuma kimwe gikura amazi mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusudira?

Yego, ushobora gukoresha icyuma kimwe cyo gukuramo amazi (extractor) mu gusudira MIG, TIG, no mu gusudira uduti. Menya neza ko umwuka n'ubwoko bwa filter bihuye na buri gikorwa. Hindura imiterere uko bikenewe.

Ese ukeneye amahugurwa yihariye kugira ngo ukoreshe ibikoresho bikura umwotsi?

Ukeneye amahugurwa y'ibanze mbere yo gukoresha uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukurura. Amahugurwa agufasha kubona ibibazo, gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwizewe, no gukurikiza amategeko agenga umutekano.