Gukoresha icyuma gishyushya ingese ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu kurinda icyuma ingese. Mu by'ukuri,ubwogero bwo gushyiramo ibyumani isafuriya nini y’icyuma gishongeshejwe ikoreshwa mu gutwikira ibice by’icyuma. Iyo icyuma gisukuye cyinjijwe muri ubwo bwogero, zinc ihita ifatana hejuru, igakora urufatiro rukomeye kandi rudatwarwa n’ingufu. Gutunganya ibyuma bishyushye bimaze imyaka irenga 150, ariko bikomeza gukora neza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Mu by’ukuri, akenshi bikunze kuvugwa nk'imwe mu nzira zo gukumira ingese zirambye. Ingaruka ni icyuma gishobora kubaho imyaka myinshi hanze kidasukuye cyane. Hasi turagaragaza intambwe ku yindi uburyo igice cy’icyuma kiva ku cyuma gishaje cyuzuye ivumbi kikagera ku cyuma gishyushye, kiri mu bwogero bushyushye.
Ubwogero bukoresha amashanyarazi ni iki?
Ubwogero bwo gukaraba ni nk'agasanduku k'umusemburo wa zinc ushyushye kugeza kuri 450°C (842°F). Ibice by'icyuma bimanurwa muri iyi zinc ishyushye, isa n'icyuma cy'amazi cya feza. Mu gihe cyo kwibiza, zinc ihura n'icyuma kiri mu cyuma, bigatuma habaho isano hagati ya zinc n'icyuma. Mu by'ukuri, amasosiyete akunze kubyitagushyushya no gushyushyainzira – mu buryo bufatika icyuma gishongeshejwe muri zinc “ishyushye” (ishongeshejwe).
Ubu buryo burakora neza cyane. Ubusanzwe ubwogero bwa zinc bubikwa hejuru ya 98% bya zinc yuzuye, kandi sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu cyangwa za crane zikora neza ibice by'icyuma kugira ngo zinc ishobore kuzura impande zose z'igice. Ndetse n'imiterere y'ubuso cyangwa imiyoboro yuzuza zinc, bityo imbere hagatwikirwa kimwe n'inyuma. Nk'uko umuyobozi umwe w'inganda abivuga, gushyushya galvanizing ni inzira "yo kwibiza cyane" - icyuma kiba cyuzuye kandi zinc iratwikirwa.byoseimbere n'inyuma. Icyuma kizamurwa nyuma y'iminota mike gifite uruhu rushya rw'icyuma rurabagirana.
Uburyo bwo Gushyushya no Guteka (Guhera Ku Munsi Urangira)
Uburyo bwo gushyira galvanizing bufite ibyiciro byinshi by'ingenzi. Buri kimwe kigomba gukorwa neza, kuko zinc ifata gusa ku buso busukuye neza. Muri rusange, intambwe ni izi:
Gusukura (Gukuraho amavuta no kuyasiga):Ubwa mbere icyuma gisukurwa neza kugira ngo gikureho amavuta, amavuta, n'ingese. Ibi akenshi biba birimo umuti ushyushye wa alkali (caustic) ugabanya amavuta mu cyuma. Hanyuma, icyuma kijya mu bwogero bwa aside pickling (akenshi gica aside sulfurique cyangwa hydrochloric) kugira ngo kivemo ingese n'umusemburo. Nyuma yo gukaraba, umwanda wose, irangi cyangwa ibishingwe bikurwaho n'intoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe guturitsa. Muri make, imyanda yose igomba kuba igiye kuvaho, kuko zinc itazigera ifatana n'icyuma cyanduye.
Guhindura imiterere y'umubiri:Mbere gato yo gukoresha galvani, icyuma gisukuye cyinjizwa mu cyuma gihindura imiterere y'amazi, akenshi kikaba kivanze na zinc ammonium chloride. Amazi akuraho oxide ya nyuma kandi akabuza oxidation nshya mbere yo kuyinjiza. Mu bimera bimwe na bimwe, "igitambaro cyoroshye" kireremba hejuru y'amazi ahindura imiterere y'amazi kugira ngo gifashe gukuraho amavuta mu cyuma iyo cyinjiye. Intambwe yo kuyihindura ni ingenzi: bituma icyuma gishongeshejwe kigira ishingiro.gutoseicyuma kiringaniye.
Kwibira mu bwogero bwa Zinc:Noneho haje ipfundo ry'igikorwa. Icyuma cyateguwe gishyirwa buhoro buhoro mu isafuriya ya zinc ishongeshejwe, akenshi ifatwa kuri ~450°C. Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza imirasire y'icyuma yinjira mu bwogero bushyushye bwa zinc. Iyo icyuma kimaze gukora ku cyuma gitemba, hatangira kubaho ihinduka. Zinc itangira gushonga n'ubuso bw'icyuma, maze zinc itemba hirya no hino mu gice cyose. Imbere mu bwogero, zinc n'icyuma bikora ibice byinshi bya alloy binyuze mu ihinduka rya metallurgical. Muri iki gihe (ubusanzwe iminota mike), igipfundikizo kirushaho kwiyongera kugeza ku bunini bwacyo bukwiye. Urusobe rwaishongeshejwezinki ifata ku gice cy'icyuma hanyuma igakonja kugira ngo ikore uruhu rwo hanze rukomeye.
Igishushanyo: Ibice by'icyuma byinjizwa mu bwogero bushyushye bwo gukaraba. Zinc yashongeshejwe (ifeza y'amazi) ihita ipfuka icyuma.
Abakoresha uruganda bagenzura neza igihe cyo kwibiza mu mazi. Ku bice byinshi, kwibiza mu mazi mu gihe cy'iminota 4-5 birahagije. Ibice binini cyangwa bitwikiriye bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kugira ngo bigere ku bushyuhe bwuzuye. Iyo bishyushye, igice gishyirwa hanze buhoro buhoro. Uko kizamuka, zinc irenze irasohoka - rimwe na rimwe bigafashwa no kunyeganyega cyangwa kuzunguruka igice. Igishishwa gito cya zinc gisigaye kirakonja kandi kigakomera, akenshi kigafata ishusho y'ifeza ikeye inyuma. Mu by'ukuri, icyuma gishya gikunze kuba kibengerana; "spangle" cyangwa ishusho isa n'urubura ya zinc ya crystallized ishobora kugaragara hejuru iyo ikomeje gukomera.
Gukonjesha (Gutuma umuntu ahora ashyushye/azima):Nyuma yo kubikuramo, icyuma gitwikiriwe kirakonjeshwa. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo gukonjesha umwuka cyangwa kuzimya icyuma gishyushye mu mazi cyangwa mu bwogero bwo gukoresha imiti. Nta buryo bwihariye bwo gukonjesha bukenewe - ubufatanye bwa zinc/icyuma bumaze gukomera. Urusobe rw'inyuma rworoheje rwa zinc oxide (ingese yera) rushobora kubaho akenshi rusigara rwonyine cyangwa rugatunganywa buhoro. Bitandukanye n'ibice byasizwe irangi, icyuma gitwikiriwe gikunze gusabanta kindi kirangiyekugira ngo birambe.
Igenzura:Intambwe ya nyuma ni igenzura ryihuse ry’amaso n’ikoranabuhanga. Abagenzuzi bagenzura ko ahantu hose hatwikiriwe kandi bagapima ubunini. Kubera ko zinc ifatana gusa n’icyuma gisukuye, ahantu habi biroroshye kubona (icyuma cyambaye ubusa gisa n’aho gisa neza). Ibipimo bisanzwe bipima ubunini bw’igipfundikizo kugira ngo birebe ko byujuje ibisabwa. Muri iki gihe icyuma cya galvanised kiba cyiteguye gukoreshwa, byemejwe ko kizarinda ingese mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi.
Imbere mu bwogero: Ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma no kurengera
Mu by’ukuri ikiba ku cyuma kiri mu cyuma cyashongeshejwe ni ikintu kigoye cyane cya chimie - kandi ni kimwe mu mbaraga zitangaje zo gukurura ibyuma. Uko icyuma gishyushye kiri mu bwogero, atome za zinc zikwirakwira mu cyuma zigakora ibintu byinshi bivanze n’ibyuma. Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku binyabutabire ribigaragaza mu gice cy’icyuma: hari urwego rw’inyuma rwa zinc hafi ya zose (rwitwa eta layer) kandi munsi yarwo hari urwego 3 rukomeye rwa alloy (rwitwa gamma, delta, zeta) aho icyuma gihurira. Igitangaje ni uko utwo duce twa alloy twa zinc-foil turiikomeye kurusha icyuma cyoroshyeUrugero, uduce duto tw’ipfundo ntitwinjira muri ubu buryo bworoshye bwo gupfundikanya. Mu by’ukuri, ipfundo rya galvanised rirakomeye cyane kandi ntirishobora kwangirika.
Indi nyungu y'ingenzi ni uburinzi bwa cathodic (gutanga igitambo). Zinc ikora cyane kurusha icyuma. Mu magambo make, iyo irangi rikozwe mu cyuma cyambaye ubusa, zinc ikikije izabanza kwangirika, ikarinda icyuma. Mu by'ukuri, gushyushya galvanizing bizwi cyane kuri ibi: isoko imwe ivuga ko nubwo icyuma cyambaye ubusa (kingana na ¼ santimetero) cyagaragara mu gisebe, "nta kwangirika kuzatangira kugeza zinc yose ikikije ikoreshejwe". Ibi bivuze ko utubuto duto tudasaba kongera gusiga irangi; zinc ubwayo irabyitangira uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Uko imyaka igenda ihita, guhumeka n'umwuka n'imvura bihindura zinc mo ibintu bidafite ingaruka mbi (okiside, hydroxide, karubone) - ibara ry'umukara ushobora kubona ku byuma bishaje bya galvanised. patina ya zinki Buhoro buhoro ikora igice cyo hanze kirinda ibintu bigabanya ingese. Mu by’ukuri, icyuma cya galvanised cyuzuye cyangiritse inshuro zigera kuri 30 kurusha icyuma cyambaye ubusa. Mu by’ukuri, ibi bivuze ko igishishwa cya galvanised akenshi kimara imyaka 50-60 cyangwa irenga kidakoreshwa, bitewe n’ibidukikije.
Ibyiza bitangaje byaGutunganya ibyuma
Galvanizing itanga ibintu byinshi "bitangaje" ushobora kuba utazitega mu gusiga icyuma gisanzwe:
1. Ubufasha bwuzuye:Kubera ko icyuma gishyushya gishyiramo amashanyarazi mu gice, ndetse gitwikira imbere mu bice bifite ububobere no imbere mu miyoboro. Udupira n'imfuruka zihishe bigira zinc, bitandukanye n'irangi rikoreshwa mu gusya. Uku kwibira mu mazi yose bivuze ko ingese idashobora kwinjira mu bintu bitunguranye.
2. Ubukomere bwubatswemo:Uduce tw'icyuma cya zinc-fer turakomeye kandi ntitworohera kwangirika. Mu bizamini bimwe na bimwe, irangi ry'icyuma cya galvanised ryari ryarangiyeinshuro icumiirwanya kwangirika kurusha irangi risanzwe. Urukuta rw'inyuma rwa zinc (eta) rworoshye kandi rudakora neza, rutanga ubudahangarwa, mu gihe uruhande rw'imbere rw'icyuma rukomeye kurusha icyuma. Uku guhuza kw'ibice byinshi bivuze ko ibice bya galvanised bigumana uburyohe bwo gufata no kwangirika.
3. Kwirinda kwivura (Gatolika):Nkuko byavuzwe, zinc "izitanga" kugira ngo irinde icyuma. Uduce duto tw'icyuma cya galvanised ntitwinjiramo ingese kuko zinc ibanza kwangirika (nanone yitwa uburinzi bwa cathodic). Hari n'izina, "sideways creep," ku bibaho ku cyuma cyasizwe irangi (ingese zigenda munsi y'irangi) - kandi galvanizing irabikumira.
4. Ihinduka ryihuse:Nubwo ibikoresho biremereye, intambwe nyayo yo gushyiramo galvanizing ni yihuta. Kumanika igice no kugishyira muri zinc bifata iminota mike gusa. Gutegura ahanini ni ugusukura imiti, kandi uruganda rukora neza rushobora gutunganya commande mu minsi mike. Mu by'ukuri, amaduka agezweho yo gushyiramo galvanizing atanga serivisi amasaha 24 ku ma commande make.
5. Igihe kirekire cyo gukorera:Igiti gitwikiriwe na galvanize gishobora kurinda icyuma mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi kidasubiwemo irangi. Mu bihe bisanzwe byo hanze (mu nganda cyangwa mu cyaro), ni ibisanzwe kubona imyaka irenga 50 mbere yo kugitunganya bwa mbere. Ubu buryo butuma galvanize ihendutse kuruta kugisiga rimwe na rimwe mu gihe kirekire.
6. Kubungabunga ibidukikije:Uburyo bwo gushyira galvanizing mu cyuma busukuye cyane. Zinc ikoreshejwe irasubirwamo, kandi nta bintu bihumanya ikirere bibaho nk'uko bigenda mu irangi. Ibyuma bya galvanizing bishobora kongera gukoreshwa 100% mu gihe umuntu apfuye. Amashyirahamwe y'inganda avuga ko gushyira galvanizing mu cyuma ari "uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda ingese" bushobora kuboneka.
7. Irangizwa rizwi:Ibyuma bya galvanised akenshi bigira umwiharikoyacitsecyangwa ishusho isa n'urubura ku buso bwarwo. Izi kristu z'ifeza ni uduce twa zinc dukomera, kandi ziha ubuso bwa galvanised isura yihariye. Ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko hari igitambaro nyacyo gishyushye.
Ibikoresho by'Ubwiza Buhanitse: Uruganda rwa Bonan Tech rutunganya imiyoboro
Amaduka manini acuruza amashanyarazi akoresha imashini zikomeye kugira ngo zikore ibi bikorwa buri gihe. Urugero, Bonan Technology Co., Ltd., uruganda rukora ibikoresho, ishimangira ko"Uruganda rutunganya imiyoboro rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru"byubatswe mu byuma byiza n'ibice byabyo. Imiyoboro yabyo ikora ku buryo bwikora: imiyoboro yo kumanikaho imiyoboro, ibigega bikuraho amavuta ya alkali, ibigega bya aside, aho bisohoka, icyuma gica mu gikoresho cya zinc, n'ibigega byo kuzimya. Bonan avuga ko inganda zayo zikora imiyoboro zigamije gukomeza gukora imiyoboro yose.
Igishushanyo: Umurongo ukomeza wo gushyiramo amashanyarazi mu miyoboro urimo gukora. Bene izi nganda zikora zimurira ibice by'imiyoboro mu gusukura, gukurura no mu bwogero bwa zinc bushongeshejwe.
Mu murongo wa Bonan Tech, buri ntambwe igenzurwa neza. Mu by'ukuri, gukoresha imiyoboro ya galvanizing akenshi bikurikira ibi byiciro byihariye:
Gusukura ibisebe:Imiyoboro yinjira mu bwogero bushyushye bwa sodium-hydroxide kugira ngo ikurweho amavuta n'ibipimo by'icyuma.
Gutoragura aside:Hanyuma, banyura mu bwogero bwa aside (ubusanzwe HCl cyangwa H₂SO₄) kugira ngo bashongeshe ingese n'ibisigaye bya okiside.
Gusukura no Gusukura:Nyuma yo koza, imiyoboro ishyirwa mu cyuma gishyushya amazi cya zinc-ammonium chloride, kugira ngo icyuma kigume kidafite okiside mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Kumisha:Ubushuhe ubwo aribwo bwose ku cyuma butwarwa n'umwuka cyangwa bugahinduka umwuka.
Kwibiza mu mazi (Ubwogero bwa Zinc):Imiyoboro ijyanwa mu isafuriya ya zinc ishongeshejwe. Ifu ishyushye irabitwikira neza na zinc.
Kuzimya:Amaherezo, imiyoboro ishyushye ya galvanize ikonjeshwa vuba mu mazi cyangwa mu bwogero bwo kuzimya kugira ngo ifunze igitambaro.
Buri muyoboro usohoka ubu ufite igipfundikizo kimwe cya zinc kugira ngo wirinde ingese. Dukurikije ibisobanuro bya Bonan,"Imashini ikoresha ibyuma bifunga imiyoboro"ishoboye gukora "imiyoboro yose igomba guterwa galvanizing", bigatuma ndetse n'imiyoboro minini cyane cyangwa mito ibona urwego rwa zinc rukwiye.
Umwanzuro
Ubwogero bwo gushyiramo ibyuma mu cyuma burenze inkono y'icyuma gusa - ni ihuriro ry'ibikorwa byemewe kandi bishingiye ku bumenyi biha icyuma ingabo yo kwikiza ubwayo. Kuva mu isuku kugeza ku mazi ashyushye yo kwibiramo zinc, buri ntambwe itunganywa neza kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza kandi ifatanye n'icyuma. Twabonye uburyo icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kidakora ingese gusa ahubwo kibikora neza cyane - gifite ibyuma byinshi, gikomeye cyane, kandi kimaze imyaka myinshi gikoreshwa.
Waba uri injeniyeri ugena ikiraro cyangwa nyir'inzu uhitamo inkingi z'uruzitiro, gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo koga hakoreshejwe lisansi bifasha gusobanura impamvu ibyuma bikozwe mu lisansi bikora neza. Muri make, imbere muri ubwo bwogero buciriritse bwa zinc ishongeshejwe harimo uburyo bukomeye kandi butangaje bwo kurinda - buzarinda inyubako z'ibyuma mu buryo butekanye mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-21-2025