Ese gushyushya cyangwa gukoresha amashanyarazi bikubereye?

Ugomba guhitamo irangi rikwiye ku byuma byawe. Ibidukikije by'umushinga wawe, imiterere yawo, n'ingengo y'imari bizagufasha gufata icyemezo. Iri hitamo ni ingenzi mu nganda zigenda zikura vuba.

 Inama yihuse

• Gushyushya mu mazi ashyushye: Ni byiza cyane mu kurwanya ingese cyane mu gihe cyo hanze cyangwa ahantu habi.
• Gutunganya amashanyarazi: Ni byiza cyane kugira ngo irangi ribe ryiza kandi riryoshye ku bice byo mu nzu kandi ritoroshye.

Ubwiyongere bw'ubusabe bugira ingaruka kuIgiciro cy'ibikoresho bito byo gushyiramo galvanizingn'inganda nini nkaImiyoboro yo gusakaza ibyuma.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gushyushya mu mazibitanga uburinzi bukomeye kandi burambye bwo gukoreshwa hanze. Mbere na mbere birahenda cyane ariko bikagabanya amafaranga uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Gukoresha amashanyarazi bitanga isura nziza kandi nziza ku bice byo mu nzu. Bihenda cyane mbere ariko bizakenera kwitabwaho kurushaho nyuma.
• Hitamo imashini ishyushye yo mu bwoko bwa "hot-dip" ku mirimo ikomeye no gukoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo ubone ubwiza n'isura nziza.ibice bito.

Gukoresha imashini ishyushye mu mazi (Hot-Dip Galvanizing) ni iki?

Gushyira icyuma mu cyuma gishyushye bituma gikomera kandi kidapfa kwangirika binyuze mu gusuka icyuma muri zinc ishongeshejwe. Ubu buryo ni uburyo bwo kugishyiramo burundu. Burinda buri gice cy'icyuma cyawe, harimo n'imfuruka, impande, n'imbere. Ingaruka ni uruzitiro rukomeye rwo kwirinda ingese.

Uburyo bwo koga bwa Zinc Ikozwe mu Mabuye

Utangira igikorwa utegura ubuso bwacyo cyane. Ibi bituma habaho ishingiro ryiza kandi rikora neza kugira ngo zinc ihuze naryo. Intambwe zisanzwe zirimo:

1. Gukuraho amavuta:Ukuraho umwanda, amavuta, n'ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima.
2. Guteka ibiryo:Ushyira icyuma mu mwobo urimo aside kugira ngo ukureho ingano y'icyuma n'ingese.
3. Guhindura imiterere y'umubiri:Ushyiramo umuti wa nyuma wo gusukura kugira ngo wirinde ogisijeni mbere yo kwinjizwa mu mazi.

Umaze gutegura, ushyira igice cy'icyuma muisafuriya ya zinc ishongeshejweUbwogero busanzwe bwo gushyiramo amashanyarazi bukora ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 830°F (443°C). Hari n'ubundi buryo bwihariye bukoresha ubwogero bushyuha cyane bugera kuri 560-630°C.

Ihuriro ry'ibyuma

Ubu buryo ntibukoresha gusa urwego rwa zinc. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butera imikoranire hagati y'icyuma kiri mu cyuma n'icyuma cyashongeshejwe. Ubu buryo bukora urukurikirane rw'ibice bya zinc-icyuma, bigatuma habaho isano nyayo y'icyuma. Bitandukanye n'irangi, riba hejuru gusa, zinc iba igice cy'icyuma ubwacyo.

Uku guhuza ibyuma byombi bituma habaho isano ikomeye cyane. Ihuriro ry’ibyuma rifite imbaraga zirenga psi 3600 (25 MPa).

Iyi mibanire ikomeye ituma igipfundikizo cya galvanised kiramba cyane. Kirinda gucika no kwangirika kurusha igipfundikizo cyoroshye cya mekanike, bigatuma ibice byawe bigumana uburinzi bw'igihe kirekire.

Gukoresha Electro-Galvanizing ni iki?

Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, bizwi kandi nka zinc plating, bitanga uburyo butandukanye bwokurinda ingese. Ntabwo ukoresha ubwogero bwa zinc bushongeshejwe muri ubu buryo. Ahubwo, ukoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo ushyireho urwego rworoshye rwa zinc ku buso bw'icyuma. Ubu buryo ni bwiza iyo ukeneye irangi ryiza kandi rigaragara ku bice bikoreshwa mu nzu.

Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Electro-Deposition

Uburyo bwo gushyiramo amashanyarazi bushingiye ku mahame yo gushyiramo amashanyarazi. Tekereza nko gukoresha rukuruzi kugira ngo ukureho uduce tw'icyuma, ariko ukoresheje amashanyarazi. Ukurikiza intambwe nke z'ingenzi kugira ngo ugere ku gitambaro:

1. Gusukura ubuso:Ubwa mbere, ugomba gusukura neza igice cy'icyuma kugira ngo ukureho amavuta cyangwa igipimo. Ubuso busukuye ni ngombwa kugira ngo zinc ifatanye neza.
2. Ubwogero bwa Electrolyte:Hanyuma, ushyira igice cy'icyuma cyawe (cathode) n'igice cya zinc (anode) mu munyu witwa electrolyte.
3. Gukoresha umuriro:Hanyuma ushyiramo umuriro w'amashanyarazi utaziguye mu bwogero. Uyu muyoboro ushongesha zinc muri anode hanyuma ukayishyira mu gice cy'icyuma cyawe mu buryo bungana.
   

   Igitambaro gito kandi gisanzwe

   Iyi nzira y'amashanyarazi iguha ububasha bwiza bwo kugenzura ubugari n'uburyo irangi ringana. Urusobe rwa zinc ruboneka ni rworoshye cyane kurusha irangi rishyushye, akenshi riri hagati ya mikoroni 5 na 18. Ku bindi bikorwa nk'icyuma, ushobora kugera ku irangi rya µm 3.6 ku ruhande rumwe.

    Igereranya rya nyumaUburyo bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi butuma habaho isura nziza, irabagirana kandi isa. Ibi bituma iba nziza cyane mu kuyikoresha aho ukeneye ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye no kurangiza neza, kuko irangi ritazuzura imigozi cyangwa ngo rizibe utwobo duto. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, irangi rishyushye cyanegutera amashanyaraziikora ubuso butoshye kandi budasa neza.

   Kubera ko irangi rihoraho, ni ryo hitamo ryiza ku bice bito kandi birambuye nk'ibifunga, ibikoresho, n'ibindi bice by'ubuhanga bisaba ubwiza buhebuje.

   Kuramba: Ni iyihe myenda imara igihe kirekire?

   Iyo uhisemo irangi, uba ushora imari mu gihe kizaza cy'umusaruro wawe. Kuramba kw'urwego rwa zinc bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwarwo n'ibikenewe mu kubungabunga. Ahantu igikoresho cyawe kigenewe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gukoresha galvanizing butanga agaciro keza mu gihe kirekire.

   Gushyuha mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo by'uburinzi

   Uhitamogushyushya no gushyushyaiyo ukeneye uburinzi burambye kandi buhagije. Iyi gahunda ikora irangi rikomeye kandi rikomeye rifatanye n'icyuma. Uku kwivanga gutuma kidapfa kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika.

   Ubunini bw'igitambaro cya zinc ni impamvu nyamukuru ituma kiramba. Amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda atuma gikomeza kumererwa neza.

   Igisanzwe	Ubunini bw'igitambaro (Mikoroni)
   ISO 1461	45 – 85
   ASTM A123/A123M	50 - 100

   Iyi pisite nini itanga serivisi y'imyaka myinshi idasaba gusana. Impuguke zipima ibi zikoresheje uburyo bwitwa "Time to First Maintenance" (TFM). TFM niho 5% gusa by'ubuso bw'icyuma bigaragaza ingese, bivuze ko pisite iba ikiri 95% gusa. Ku byuma bisanzwe by'imiterere, ibi bishobora gufata igihe kirekire cyane. Urashobora kubona uburyo ibi bihindura imikorere nyayo mu bidukikije bitandukanye:

   Ibidukikije	Impuzandengo y'ubuzima bwa serivisi (Imyaka)
   Inganda	72-73
   Inyanja zo mu turere dushyuha tw'inyanja	75-78
   Umusirikari w'Inyanja utekanye	86
   Imijyi yo mu nkengero z'umujyi	97
   Icyaro	Abarenga 100

   Imiryango nka ASTM International ishyiraho amahame ahamye yo kwemeza ko ibi bikozwe neza. Ibi bipimo byemeza ubugari, irangi, n'uko irangizwa.

   • ASTM A123:Itwikira ibikoresho by'icyuma rusange.
   • ASTM A153:Aderesiibikoresho, ibifunga, n'ibindi bice bito.
   • ASTM A767:Igaragaza ibisabwa ku byuma bikoreshwa muri sima.

   Izi ngingo zose zisaba ko igishishwa cya zinc gikomeza gufatana neza n'icyuma mu gihe cyose cyacyo. Ibi bituma ibice byawe bikomeza kurindwa mu myaka iri imbere.

   Inyigo ku Kuramba

   Imishinga ifatika igaragaza ko gukoresha amashanyarazi ashyushye mu mazi byageze ku ntego mu gihe kirekire. Mu Ntara ya Stark, muri leta ya Ohio, abayobozi batangiye gukoresha amashanyarazi mu myaka ya za 70 kugira ngo bakureho ikiguzi kinini cyo kongera gusiga amarangi. Ibyinshi muri ibyo biraro biracyakora kugeza ubu. Vuba aha, Inzu ya Gari ya Moynihan mu Mujyi wa New York yakoresheje ibyuma bishyushye mu mazi kugira ngo bikomeze igihe kirekire kandi birinde gufunga sitasiyo yari irimo abantu benshi kugira ngo ikomeze gukoreshwa.

   Gukoresha Electro-Galvanizing mu buryo bworoheje

   Ugomba guhitamo electro-galvanizing ku bice bizakoreshwa mu nzu cyangwa ahantu humutse kandi hato. Ubu buryo bukoresha urwego rworoshye cyane rw'ubwiza bwa zinc. Nubwo butanga uburinzi ku ngeso, ntabwo bwagenewe ikirere kibi cyangwa ahantu hadakunze gukoreshwa igihe kirekire hanze.

   Akamaro k'ibanze ko gushyiramo amashanyarazi mu cyuma ni ugutanga irangi ryiza kandi rikeye mu mitako cyangwa mu buryo bworoshye. Irangi rito, akenshi riri munsi ya mikoroni 10, ni ryiza cyane ku bikoresho byo mu nzu aho imiterere ari ingenzi. Mu nzu yumye, igipimo cyo kwangirika kiba kiri hasi cyane.

   Icyiciro cy'ibidukikije	Igipimo cya Zinc Corrosion (µm/umwaka)
   Hafi cyane (Imbere humutse)	Biri munsi ya 0.5

   Ariko, uru rwego rworoshye rugabanya uburambe bukomeye bwo gushyushya ibyuma bishyushye. Bisaba kwitabwaho buri gihe iyo bihuye n'ubushuhe cyangwa ibintu byangiza.

   Ikizamini cyo gusukura umunyu gitanga igereranya ry’uburyo ibintu birwanya ingese. Muri iki kizamini cyihuta, ibice bishyirwa mu gihu cy’umunyu kugira ngo harebwe igihe irangi rimara. Ibisubizo bigaragaza neza itandukaniro mu mikorere.

   Ubwoko bwo gupfuka	Amasaha asanzwe kugeza ku ishyuhe ritukura (ASTM B117)
   Ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi (icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bw'ibanze)	Amasaha ~100–250
   Ishyushye cyane (Ubunini busanzwe)	~amasaha 500
   Ishyushye cyane (Ifite irangi rinini >140µm)	Amasaha agera kuri 1,500+

   Nkuko mubibona, irangi rya galvanised rishyushye rishobora kumara igihe kirekire inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri esheshatu, cyangwa ndetse zirenzeho, muri iki kizamini gikomeye. Ibi bigaragaza impamvu electro-galvanizing ari byiza ku bidukikije bigenzurwa, aho kuramba ari ikibazo cya kabiri ku bwiza n'ubuziranenge.

   Isura: Ni iyihe sura ijyanye n'igishushanyo cyawe?

   
   Isura ya nyuma y'igice cyawe ni ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwitaho. Ugomba guhitamo niba ukeneye isura nziza, nziza cyangwa ikomeye kandi ikora mu nganda.uburyo bwo gukurura ibyumaUhisemo ugenzura neza irangizwa.

   Gutunganya amashanyarazi kugira ngo ubone isura nziza kandi ikeye

   Ugomba guhitamo electro-galvanizing iyo ukeneye irangi ryiza kandi rihoraho. Uburyo bushyiramo urwego rworoshye kandi rungana rwa zinc, bigatuma ubuso burushaho kuba bwiza kandi burabagirana. Ibi bituma biba byiza kuriibicuruzwa bireba abaguzicyangwa ibice aho ubwiza bw'inzu ari ingenzi, nk'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imisumari n'ibikoresho byo gusakara.

   Ushobora kongera imiterere ukoresheje irangi rya chromate nyuma yo kuvurwa, ryitwa kandi passivation. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kongeramo ibara kugira ngo umuntu amenyekane cyangwa agaragaze imiterere. Amahitamo asanzwe arimo:

   • Irabagirana/Ubururu-Umweru:Ibara rya kera ry'ifeza cyangwa ibara ry'ubururu.
   • Umukororombya:Irangi rigaragara neza kandi rifite amabara menshi.
   • Umwijima:Ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cy'umukara cyangwa elayo.

   Uru rwego rwo kugenzura ubwiza bituma amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y'umubiri aba meza cyane ku bice bito kandi birambuye bikeneye isura isukuye kandi irangiye.

   Ishyushye cyane kugira ngo ubone irangi rikomeye kandi rikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika

   Ubona irangi rikomeye kandi rikora neza hamwe no gushyushya galvanizing. Ubusanzwe ubuso buraryoshye cyane kandi bushobora kugira ishusho yihariye ya crystalline yitwa "spangle." Iyi shusho isa n'indabyo ikora mu buryo busanzwe iyo zinc ishongeshejwe ikonje kandi igakomera ku cyuma. Ingano ya spangle iterwa n'umuvuduko wo gukonja n'ubuhanga bwa zinc.

   Hari igihe ibyuma bihinduka cyane cyangwa inzira runaka bivamo irangi ry'ikijuju ridafite ibara na rito. Iyi miterere igoye kandi ikoreshwa neza irakwiriye gukoreshwa aho kuba intego nyamukuru ari ukuramba. Akenshi uzayibona ku byuma by'ubwubatsi ku nyubako, ibikoresho by'inganda nk'ibyuma bikingira n'ibyuma, n'ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa ahantu hakomeye ho hanze.

   Igiciro: Igiciro cy'ibanze ugereranyije n'agaciro k'ubuzima bwose

   Ugomba kuringaniza igiciro cya mbere cy'ipamba n'imikorere yaryo y'igihe kirekire. Ingengo y'imari yawe izagira uruhare runini mu gufata icyemezo cyawe. Uburyo bumwe butanga kuzigama ako kanya, mu gihe ubundi butanga agaciro keza mu buzima bwose bw'igicuruzwa.

   Ibiciro bishyushye: Ikiguzi cy'ibanze kiri hejuru, ikiguzi gito cy'ubuzima bwose

   Uzishyura amafaranga menshi mbere yo gukoresha galvanizing ishyushye. Uburyo burushaho kugorana kandi bukoresha zinc nyinshi, ibyo bikaba byongera igiciro cya mbere. Igiciro cyaimiyoboro y'icyuma ishyushye cyanebishobora gutandukana, ariko muri rusange bihenze kuri toni kuruta icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi.

   Ku mishinga runaka, ushobora kwitega ikiguzi nk'iki:

   • Icyuma cyoroheje cyubatse: Hafi $1.10 kuri metero kare
   • Ibyuma biremereye byubatswe mu nyubako: Hafi $4.40 kuri metero kare

   Ariko, iri shoramari ryinshi rya mbere riguha umusaruro uhagije mu myaka myinshi udafite impungenge. Icyuma gishyushye gikingira ingese mu gihe cy'imyaka 75 cyangwa irenga nta kugisana. Uku kuramba bikuraho amafaranga azakoreshwa mu gusana cyangwa kongera gusiga irangi. Wirinda amafaranga ataziguye yo kubungabunga, nko guhagarika ubucuruzi cyangwa gutinda kw'imodoka mu bikorwa remezo bya leta. Uku kwizerwa mu gihe kirekire byongera inyungu mu gukumira ibura ry'umusaruro bitewe n'igihe cyo kudakora neza.

   Imijyi ikoresha ibikoresho bya galvanizing nk'imihanda minini cyangwa inkingi z'amatara yagabanutseho 70-80% mu gihe cyose ibicuruzwa bimara. Iyo uhisemo gukoresha galvanizing ishyushye, uba ushora imari mu giciro gito cy'ubukungu.

   Gukoresha Electro-Galvanizing: Igiciro gito cy'ibanze, ikiguzi kinini cy'ubuzima bwose

   Ushobora kuzigama amafaranga utangira uhisemo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ubu buryo akenshi buhendutseho 40% ugereranije na gazi ishyushye, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku mishinga ifite ingengo y'imari nto. Igiciro gito gituruka ku buryo bwihuse bukoresha zinc nke cyane.

   Uku kuzigama kw'ibanze kuzanwa n'ingurane. Igihe cyo kubaho cy'ipamba ry'amashanyarazi ni gito cyane, akenshi kimara kuva ku mezi menshi kugeza ku myaka ibiri. Impamvu y'uku kugabanuka k'igihe cyo kubaho ni urwego rworoshye cyane rwa zinc rubaho muri icyo gikorwa.

   Ihindagurika ry'IkiguziUzigama amafaranga ku munsi wa mbere, ariko ugomba guteganya amafaranga azakoreshwa mu gihe kizaza. Irangi rito kandi ryihariye rizasaba kubungabungwa buri gihe, gusigwa, cyangwa gusimburwa burundu kw'ibice, cyane cyane iyo bihuye n'ubushuhe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, aya mafaranga ahora akoreshwa yiyongera, bigatuma ikiguzi cy'ubuzima cyose kiri hejuru y'icyakoreshejwe mu gusigwa gishyushye.

   Ugomba guhitamo ubu buryo igihe igice kizakoreshwa mu nzu kandi ntibishoboka ko cyangirika. Ku bundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire gishobora kuba kinini kurusha amafaranga wabikije mbere.

   Igiciro cy'ibikoresho bito byo gusakaza ibyuma binini

   Ushobora kwibaza niba uzana galvanizing mu iduka ryawe.Igiciro cy'ibikoresho bito byo gushyiramo galvanizingni ikintu gikomeye muri iki cyemezo. Ugomba gupima ishoramari rya mbere ugereranije n'inyungu zo kugenzura gahunda yawe bwite y'umusaruro.

   Ibitekerezo ku bijyanye no gushakira abakozi hanze cyangwa imbere mu kigo

   Gushyiraho umurongo wo gushyiramo amashanyarazi mu nzu bisaba ishoramari rikomeye. Igiciro cy'ibikoresho bito byo gushyiramo amashanyarazi gishobora kuba kiri hejuru cyane. Urugero, ibikoresho bitoisafuriya ishyushye cyaneyonyine ishobora kugura hagati y'amadolari 10.000 na 150.000. Iyi mibare ntabwo irimo ibindi bintu bikenewe:

   • Ibigega bya shimi byo gusukura no gukaraba
   • Ibikoresho byo guterura no gukurura ibice byimuka
   • Uburyo bwo guhumeka no kurinda

   Uretse igiciro cya mbere cy'ibikoresho bito bikoreshwa mu gusakaza amashanyarazi, ugomba no kubara amafaranga ahoraho mu mikorere. Ibi birimo ibikoresho fatizo, ingufu, imitako y'imyanda, n'abakozi bihariye. Igiciro rusange cy'ibikoresho bito bikoreshwa mu gusakaza amashanyarazi n'imikorere yabyo bishobora kuba ikiguzi gikomeye cy'imari vuba.

   Impamvu Gutanga serivisi zo hanze ari byo byiza ku maduka mato

   Ku maduka menshi mato, gutanga serivisi zo gushyiramo amashanyarazi hanze ni byo byiza kandi bihendutse. Wirinda igiciro kinini cy’ibikoresho bito byo gushyiramo amashanyarazi mbere y’igihe. Ahubwo, ukorana n’umuhanga mu by’amashanyarazi ufite ibikorwa remezo n’ubuhanga.

    Akamaro k'Ubucuruzi BudasanzweMu guha abakozi imirimo hanze y'ikigo, uhindura amafaranga menshi y'igishoro mo ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa giteganywa. Wishyura gusa serivisi ukeneye, ibyo byoroshya ingengo y'imari kandi bigatuma imari iboneka mu bindi bice by'ubucuruzi bwawe.

   Ubu buryo bugufasha kubona irangi ryiza ridafite umutwaro w'amafaranga n'amategeko agenga uruganda rwawe. Ushobora kwibanda ku byo ubucuruzi bwawe bukora neza mu gihe urekera abahanga ubwiza.

   ---

   Amahitamo yawe ya nyuma aterwa n'ibyo umushinga wawe ukeneye byihariye. Ugomba guhuza uburyo bwo gusiga n'uburyo ibicuruzwa byawe bikoreshwa ndetse n'ingengo y'imari.

    Inzira y'Icyemezo cya Nyuma

   • Hitamo imashini ishyushye yo mu bwoko bwa "Hot-Dip Galvanizing"ku bice bikenera igihe ntarengwa cyo kubaho no kuramba hanze.
   • Hitamo Electro-Galvanizingku bice bikenera irangi ryiza n'ingano nyayo zo gukoreshwa mu nzu.