Ni izihe gahunda z'ingenzi mu ruganda rukora ibyuma bishyushya amashanyarazi?

Uruganda rukora ibyuma bihindura imiterere y'icyuma rukora ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi. Ibi bikorwa mu gutegura, gusiga no kurangiza ibyuma. Ubu buryo bukoresha ibikoresho byihariye nkaIbikoresho byo Gutera Ingufu mu ByumbanaImiyoboro mito yo gukaraba (Robort)Isoko ry’amashanyarazi rikomeje kwiyongera cyane rigaragaza ubushobozi bugaragara bwo gukura.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Uruganda rutunganya ibyuma rufite uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi: gutunganya mbere, gutunganya ibyuma, no gutunganya nyuma yo kubikora. Ubu buryo bukorana kugira ngo busukure, butwikire, kandi butunganye ibyuma.
• Uburyo bwo gusukura mbere yo gusukura icyuma bukuraho umwanda, amavuta n'ingese. Iyi ntambwe ifasha zinc gufata neza icyuma.
• Itsindasisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyaraziishyiramo umwambaro wa zinc ku cyuma. Sisitemu yo gusukura nyuma yo kugitunganya irakonjesha icyuma kandi ikongeraho urwego rwa nyuma rwo kugikingira. Ibi bituma icyuma gikomera kandi kiramba.

Sisitemu ya 1: Sisitemu yo Kwitegura Kuvurwa

Sisitemu yo Kuvura Mbere yo Kuvurwa ni yo ntambwe ya mbere kandi y'ingenzi cyane muinzira yo gukurura ibyuma.Akazi kayo k'ingenzi ni ugutegura ubuso bw'icyuma busukuye neza. Ubuso busukuye butuma zinc ifatanya neza n'icyuma. Ubu buryo bukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gukaraba imiti kugira ngo bukureho imyanda yose.

Ibigega byo gukuraho amavuta

Gukuraho amavuta ni intambwe ya mbere yo gusukura. Ibice by'icyuma bigera ku ruganda bifite imyanda yo hejuru nk'amavuta, umwanda n'amavuta. Gukuraho amavuta bikuraho ibyo bintu. Ibigega birimo imiti igabanya imyanda. Ibisubizo bisanzwe birimo:

• Ibisubizo byo gukuraho amavuta ya alkali
• Ibisubizo byo gukuraho aside
• Ibikoresho bigabanya amavuta ya alkaline mu bushyuhe bwinshi

Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ibyuma byinshi bishyushya amazi bikoresha uburyo bwa sodium hydroxide bushyushye. Abakoresha ubushyuhe busanzwe bushyushya ibi bigega bya alkaline kuri hagati ya 80-85 °C (176-185 °F). Ubu bushyuhe butuma amazi asukurwa neza hatabayeho ikiguzi kinini cy'ingufu zo guteka.

Ibigega byo koza

Nyuma ya buri gikorwa cya shimi, icyuma cyimukira mu gikoresho cyo koza. Koza bikuraho ibisigazwa byose bya shimi byasigaye mu gikoresho cyabanje. Iyi ntambwe irinda kwanduzwa kw'ubwiherero bukurikira mu buryo bukurikiranye. Koza neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo irangire neza.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda:Dukurikije SSPC-SP 8 Pickling Standard, amazi yo koza agomba kuba asukuye. Ingano yose ya aside cyangwa umunyu washongeshejwe ijyanwa mu bigega byo koza ntigomba kurenza garama ebyiri kuri litiro.

Ibigega byo gukusanya aside

Hanyuma, icyuma kijya mu gikoresho cyo gukusanya aside. Iki gikoresho kirimo umuti wa aside yagabanutse, akenshi aside hydrochloric. Akazi ka aside ni ugukuraho ingese n'ingano y'icyuma, ari byo okiside y'icyuma ku buso bw'icyuma. Uburyo bwo gukusanya bugaragaza icyuma cyambaye ubusa, gisukuye kiri munsi, bigatuma cyitegura intambwe ya nyuma yo gutegura.

Ibigega byo gusohora amazi

Gusukura ni intambwe ya nyuma mu ikoreshwa mbere yo gusukura. Icyuma gisukuye cyinjira muikigega cy'amaziirimo umuti wa zinc ammonium chloride. Uyu muti ushyira urwego rwa crystalline rurinda icyuma. Uru rwego rukora ibintu bibiri: rukora isuku ya nyuma kandi rukinga umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere. Uyu muti urinda ingese nshya mbere yuko icyuma cyinjira mu gikoresho gishyushye cya zinc.

Sisitemu ya 2: Sisitemu yo Gutera Ingufu

Nyuma yo gusukurwa mbere, icyuma cyimukira kuri Sisitemu yo Gutera Ingufu. Intego y'iyi sisitemu ni ugukoreshagukingira zincIgizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: ifuru yumisha, itanura rikoresha amashanyarazi, n'isafuriya ya zinc. Ibi bice bikorana kugira ngo bishyire hamwe icyuma gihuza ibyuma na zinc.

Ifuru yo kumisha

Ifuru yumisha ni yo ihagarara bwa mbere muri ubu buryo. Akazi kayo k'ingenzi ni ukumisha burundu icyuma nyuma yo guhindagurika. Abakoresha bakunze gushyushya ifuru kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 200 (392°F). Ubu bushyuhe bwinshi butuma amazi yose asigaye ashira. Uburyo bwo kumisha neza ni ingenzi kuko burinda guturika kw'umwuka mu zinc ishyushye kandi bukirinda inenge zo gupfuka nk'umwobo w'impini.

Amafuru yo kumisha agezweho afite imiterere igabanya ingufu. Ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibicanwa kandi bikanoza imikorere myiza y'inganda.

• Bashobora gukoresha imyuka isohora umwuka iva mu itanura kugira ngo bashyushye icyuma mbere y'uko gishyuha.
• Akenshi zirimo uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe.
• Bituma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira neza kandi bungana.

Itanura rikoresha ibyuma bishyushya

Ifuru ikoresha galvanizing itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi bukenewe kugira ngo ishongeshe zinc. Izi mashini zikomeye zikikije isafuriya ya zinc kandi zigatuma zinc ishongeshwa igumana ubushyuhe bukwiye. Amatanura akoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gushyushya kugira ngo akore neza. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

• Ibishyushya Bikoresha Umuvuduko Ukabije
• Amatanura yo gushyushya mu buryo butaziguye
• Amatanura y'amashanyarazi

Umutekano Mbere ya Byose: Amatanura akora ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyane, bigatuma umutekano uba ingenzi cyane. Yubatswe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigenzura ubushyuhe bw'amatanura, n'imiterere ituma byoroshye kugenzura amashyiga n'amavali yo kugenzura.

Ibikoresho bya Zinc

Icupa rya zinc ni igikoresho kinini gifite impande enye, gifata zinc ishongeshejwe. Giherereye neza mu itanura rishyushya, rigashyushya. Icupa rigomba kuba rikomeye cyane kugira ngo rishobore kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi buhoraho n'uburyo zinc y'amazi yangiza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora amacupa bakora amacupa mu byuma byihariye, bifite karubone nkeya, kandi bifite silikoni nkeya. Amwe ashobora kandi kuba afite igisenge cy'imbere cy'amatafari adashobora kuzura kugira ngo yongere igihe kirekire.

Sisitemu ya 3: Sisitemu yo Nyuma yo Kuvurwa

Sisitemu yo Nyuma yo Kuvurwa ni yo ntambwe ya nyuma muriinzira yo gukurura ibyumaIntego yayo ni ugukonjesha icyuma gishya gisizweho irangi no gushyiraho urwego rwa nyuma rwo kurinda. Ubu buryo butuma ibicuruzwa bigira isura nziza kandi biramba igihe kirekire. Ibice by'ingenzi ni ibigega byo kuzimya n'aho bihagarara.

Kuzimya ibigega by'amazi

Nyuma yo kuva mu gikoresho cya zinc, icyuma kiba gishyushye cyane, hafi 450°C (840°F). Guzimya ibigega bikonjesha icyuma vuba. Uku gukonjesha vuba bihagarika imikorere y'icyuma hagati ya zinc n'icyuma. Iyo icyuma gikonje buhoro buhoro mu kirere, iki gikorwa gishobora gukomeza, bigatuma irangi ritoroshye kandi ridafite amabara. Kuzimya bifasha kugumana isura nziza kandi isa neza. Ariko, imiterere imwe n'imwe y'icyuma ntikwiriye kuzimya kuko ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe rishobora gutera guhindagurika.

Abakoresha bakoresha ibinyobwa bitandukanye, cyangwa ibintu bikoreshwa mu kuzimya, hashingiwe ku musaruro wifuza:

• Amazi:Itanga ubukonje bwihuse ariko ishobora gukora umunyu wa zinc ushobora gukurwaho hejuru.
• Amavuta:Konjesha icyuma cyane kurusha amazi, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika mu gihe birushaho kunoza ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza.
• Umunyu washongeshejwe:Bitanga umuvuduko wo gukonjesha ugenda buhoro kandi ugenzurwa neza, bigabanya ubukana bw'ihindagurika ry'ikirere.

Gushyira mu bikorwa no kurangiza

Gukoresha imiti inyura mu kirere ni bwo buryo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura. Ubu buryo bukoresha urwego rworoshye kandi rutagaragara ku buso bwa galvanize. Uru rwego rurinda irangi rishya rya zinc kugira ngo ridashonga vuba kandi ribeho "ingese yera" mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara.

Icyitonderwa cy'umutekano n'ibidukikije:Mu mateka, passivation yakunze gukoresha ibintu birimo hexavalent chromium (Cr6). Ariko, iyi miti ni uburozi kandi itera kanseri. Inzego za leta nka US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) zigenzura cyane ikoreshwa ryayo. Kubera izo mpungenge ku buzima no ku bidukikije, inganda ubu zikoresha cyane ubundi buryo bwizewe, nka trivalent chromium (Cr3+) na chromium-free passivators.

Iyi ntambwe ya nyuma iragaragaza koibicuruzwa bya galvanisedigera aho ijya isukuye, irinzwe, kandi yiteguye gukoreshwa.

Sisitemu z'ingenzi zo gushyigikira ibimera byose

Sisitemu eshatu z'ingenzi mu ruganda rukora amashanyarazi zishingira ku buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gushyigikira kugira ngo zikore neza kandi mu mutekano. Izi sisitemu zo mu ruganda hose zikora ku bijyanye no gutwara ibintu, imirimo yihariye yo gusiga, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Zihuza igikorwa cyose kuva gitangiye kugeza kirangiye.

Sisitemu yo Gukoresha Ibikoresho

Uburyo bwo gucunga ibikoresho butwara ibikoresho biremereye mu nyubako yose. Inganda zigezweho zitunganya ibyuma zikenera ibyuma binini n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo zicunge imikorere y'akazi. Ibi bikoresho bigomba guhangana n'uburemere bw'ibintu kandi bigahangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiti.

• Inkende
• Ibikoresho byo guterura
• Ibikoresho by'itumanaho
• Abaterura

Abakoresha bagomba gusuzuma ubushobozi ntarengwa bw'ibi bikoresho. Ku bikoresho biremereye cyane, ni byiza kugisha inama icyuma gikoresha ibyuma kugira ngo barebe ko sisitemu yabo ishobora kwihanganira uburemere. Iyi gahunda irinda gutinda kandi ikarinda ko ibikoresho bifatwa neza.

Ibikoresho byo Gutera Ingufu mu Byumba

Ibimera bikoreshwaIbikoresho byo Gutera Ingufu mu Byumbakugira ngo habeho irangi rya zinc ku bintu binini cyangwa bigoye. Gushyiramo ibinyabiziga bisanzwe bishobora kudahagije ku bice bifite imiterere idahuye cyangwa ubuso bw'imbere. Ibi bikoresho byihariye bikoresha ubuhanga buhanitse, nko kugenda kw'ibice bigenzurwa cyangwa uburyo bwo kwihutisha bukoresha ikoranabuhanga, kugira ngo zinc ishongeshejwe igere ku buso bwose ku buryo bungana. Gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo gusiga zinc ni ingenzi kugira ngo byuzuze amahame y'ubuziranenge ku bintu nk'imitambiko minini cyangwa amashami akomeye. Gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo gusiga zinc bitanga umusaruro uhoraho kandi urinda.

Gukuramo imyotsi no kuyivura

Uburyo bwo gukurura umwuka butuma habaho imyuka, cyane cyane iva mu bigega byo gukurura aside no muisafuriya ishyushye ya zincUburyo bwo gukuramo imyotsi no kuyitunganya ni ingenzi cyane mu mutekano w'abakozi no kurengera ibidukikije. Ubu buryo bufata imyuka mibi aho ituruka, bugasukura umwuka binyuze mu byuma bisukura cyangwa mu byuma biyungurura, hanyuma bukawurekura mu buryo butekanye.

Umutekano n'ibidukikije:Gukuramo umwuka neza birinda abakozi guhumeka umwuka w’ibinyabutabire kandi bikarinda ko imyanda isohoka mu kirere, bigatuma uruganda rukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije.

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Uruganda rukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi (turn-key galvanizing) ruhuza sisitemu eshatu z'ingenzi. Mbere yo gutunganya ibyuma, isukura icyuma kugira ngo gifatane na zinc. Sisitemu yo gutunganya amashanyarazi ikoresha irangi, kandi nyuma yo gutunganya ibyuma irangiza umusaruro. Sisitemu zo gushyigikira, harimo n'ibikoresho by'ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, bihuza inzira yose. Inganda zigezweho zikoresha ikoranabuhanga n'ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere kugira ngo zinoze imikorere myiza n'uburambe.